Fatal traffic accidents and forensic medicine

Kibayashi, Kazuhiko; Shimada, Ryo; Nakao, Kenzo

doi:10.1016/j.iatssr.2014.07.002

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Motor vehicle drivers sustained direct chest injuries due to impact against the front part of the vehicle interior, i.e. the steering wheel, as well as hyperextension and deceleration [32][33][34] . The large percentage of chest injuries among tractor drivers in this study sample could be explained by the characteristics of the vehicle and the mechanism by which the accident occurred.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forensic characteristics of chest injuries among subjects who died in road traffic accidents

et al. 2021

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Background / Aim. In road traffic accidents, chest injuries are a critical factor since death usually occurs as a result of injuries to the heart and lungs, flail chest, pneumothorax, exsanguination etc. The aim of this study was to analyse the most vulnerable subjects in road accidents, as well as the most frequent and most significant types of chest injuries sustained by different categories of subjects, and to examine the relevance of certain injuries or risk factors to outliving the injuries. Methods. The autopsy, retrospective and cross-sectional study was performed at the Clinical Centre of Kragujevac, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology. The study included all the participants in road traffic accidents on the territory of Kragujevac and the surrounding area who died from the injuries sustained or due to complications of the injuries during the period from 2001 to 2016. The subjects were divided into the following groups: pedestrians, motor vehicle drivers, front-seat passengers, back-seat passengers, bicyclists, motorcyclists and tractor drivers. Occurrence of injuries in three regions of the body (chest, head and abdomen) was analysed in all the subjects. Results. The study included 525 subjects who died due to injuries sustained in traffic accidents, which makes up for 38.4% of the total number of 1,366 autopsy cases covered by the study period. The average age of the subjects was 52±19 years. The study sample consisted of 391 (74.5%) men and 134 (25.5%) women. The most vulnerable subjects were pedestrians (220, i.e. 41.9%), followed by motor vehicle drivers (98, i.e. 18.7%), front-seat passengers (79, i.e. 15%), motorcyclists (39, i.e. 7.4%), bicyclists (38, i.e. 7.2%), back-seat passengers (29, i.e. 5.5%) and tractor drivers (22, i.e. 4.2%). Chest injuries were identified in 408 subjects (77.7%), while the most frequent type of injury was rib fracture, observed in two thirds of the sample. Out of the total number, 291 (55.4%) subjects died at the scene of the accident or on their way to the hospital, while 234 (44.6%) of them outlived injuries for a certain period of time. Drivers exhibited the highest risk of dying at the scene, while bicyclists outlived their injuries more frequently. Conclusion. Chest injuries are very common in subjects who died at the scene of road traffic accident.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forensic characteristics of chest injuries among subjects who died in road traffic accidents

et al. 2021

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“…Further, he should be able to make certain conclusions, medical judgments or opinions to primarily help the execution of criminal justice and secondarily to assist civil compensation, other treating medical colleagues and in the broadest picture in the decision making of the country pertaining to road safety etc. [3] Though a rare occurrence, an array of injuries ranging from trivial to fatal could occur following deployment of airbags, either due to the mechanical force of deployment or due to thermal and chemical effects of deployment. The mechanical force creates by "concussion mechanism following the direct action" at the deployment can cause contusions [4] and even friction burns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the medico-legal expert in the interpretation of airbag and seatbelt injuries: two case reports

Ariyarathna¹,

Hulathduwa²

2017

Medico-Legal J SL

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Introduction Road traffic trauma is a preventable cause of morbidity and mortality across the globe. A wide array of automotive safety measures have been implemented over several decades. They provide with active safety and passive safety. Seatbelts and supplementary restraint systems (SRS airbags) have undoubtedly been recognized as two important passive safety measures for vehicle occupants though they themselves may occasionally cause significant injuries in severe crashes. Injuries caused by inbuilt safety devices upon the occupants often come in atypical forms whose interpretation would be dubious unless carefully appreciated by forensic medical practitioner. This fact is elaborated with the following two case examples. Case reports The first case is regarding superficial burns on the face as a result of the deployment of airbags. The exact type, mechanism and the cause of the injuries were not recognized during the initial management. The second case is a diaphragmatic rupture which is extremely rare in healthy individuals with properly fastened seatbelts. Conclusions Injuries of both cases were properly interpreted at the clinical forensic examination. As correctly expected from a clinician he or she very justly pays more attention on the acute management, critical care and therapeutic aspects of such injuries rather than attempting to identify the exact type, mechanism of causation and other medico-legally significant issues. Yet, in the big picture outside the boundaries of providing critical care, including the implementation of preventive measures, precise identification and interpretation of such injuries become the vital obligation of the forensic medical expert.

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“…В то же время должно уделяться больше внимания обучению приемам оказания первой помощи в образовательных учреждениях (дошкольные учреждения, школы, ссузы и вузы). Кроме того, было бы целесообразно в обязательном порядке проводить обучение водителей коммерческого автотранспорта оказанию первой помощи пострадавшим в дорожно-транспортных происшествиях [12][13][14][15][16]. Программы обучения оказанию первой помощи обычных граждан должны следовать определенным принципам, установленным Всемирной организацией здравоохранения [4].…”

Section: как оказывается первая помощь при переломах конечностей если отсутствуют транспортные шины и подручные средства для их изготовлеunclassified

The Lack of First Aid Skills as a Contributing Factor of High Road Traffic Fatality Rates in the Russian Federation

Popov¹,

Kaimakova²,

Стецкий³

et al. 2020

PH&LE

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Background: The Russian Federation is among the countries with the highest road traffic fatality rates in the WHO European Region. One of the main reasons for that is the personal attitude of traffic participants to safety that includes medical illiteracy and unpreparedness to render first aid to the injured. Our objective was to study failure to give quick and competent first aid as one of the possible causes of road traffic deaths in the Russian Federation and to identify potential ways of improving the situation. Materials and methods: In May-September 2018, in January and June 2019, we conducted a survey of 403 Russian citizens (284 men and 119 women) having a driver’s license and driving experience in different Russian regions including the Volgograd Region, the Krasnodar Krai, the Rostov Region, Moscow, etc. The respondents were asked to answer the questions about first aid training courses in driving schools, prior involvement in road traffic accidents, and first aid techniques. Results: Most of the respondents (63%) reported having had first aid training courses at driving schools given by driving instructors and almost a quarter of the respondents (23%) reported having never had such courses at all. Approximately 68% of the survey participants had no first aid training using dummies. About 17% witnessed traffic collisions and provided at least some level of first aid while almost 14% could not give any help due to the stressful situation or fear to do harm to the injured. We then calculated the number of correct and complete answers rated 1 and 2 points according to the estimation scale and drew a control chart of the average value. The analysis of the control chart showed that 331 of 403 participants (82%) passed our test. Conclusions: Although the results were not as bad as might have been expected, significant gaps in basic first aid knowledge did exist: some respondents failed to answer the questions correctly. Given that in addition to theoretical knowledge the person should be able to use this knowledge decisively and calmly, without panic and the fear of blood, the percentage of those who can really help is even lower. First aid training courses in driving schools shall be mandatory and must be given by medical professionals. Governmental regulatory authorities should pay special attention to this issue when licensing. At the same time, more emphasis should be placed on first aid training in educational institutions (kindergartens, schools, colleges, and universities). In addition, we recommend compulsory first aid training of professional drivers of commercial vehicles.

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Fatal traffic accidents and forensic medicine

Cited by 19 publications

References 14 publications

Forensic characteristics of chest injuries among subjects who died in road traffic accidents

Forensic characteristics of chest injuries among subjects who died in road traffic accidents

The role of the medico-legal expert in the interpretation of airbag and seatbelt injuries: two case reports

The Lack of First Aid Skills as a Contributing Factor of High Road Traffic Fatality Rates in the Russian Federation

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