Fate and distribution modelling of metals in life cycle impact assessment

Strandesen, M.; Birkved, Morten; Holm, Peter E.; Hauschild, Michael Zwicky

doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.12.013

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This could promote a more structured and consistent approach to LCA and decision making. Because decision analysis is in essence a systems tool, it is consistent with the systemic intent of LCA (Strandesen et al 2007). …”

Section: Literature Review On Applications Of CML and Eco-indicatormentioning

confidence: 97%

Environmental impact assessment of an automotive component using eco-indicator and CML methodologies

Vinodh

Kandasamy

Joy

2011

Clean Techn Environ Policy

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The environmental conscious manufacturing and climate change made automotive manufacturing organisations to recognise sustainability as a vital concept for survival in the global competitive scenario. Many components of automobiles are manufactured using plastics which play imperative role in ensuring sustainability. This research article deals with the application of Life Cycle Assessment on instrument panel of an electric car which is made of ABS (Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene). The case study has been conducted in an Indian instrument panel manufacturing plant. First, a life cycle model of ABS sheet which is particularly used in instrument panel manufacturing was built, and the environmental impact assessment of the instrument panel was done using Ecoindicator and CML methodologies. In life cycle perspective, the environmental hot spots have been found out. Later the results have been interpreted based on environmental impact assessment factors. The relative comparison of impact factors at different stages in the life cycle enables the generation of improvement options. The sustainability index of instrument panel before and after implementing Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) has been computed. The results are statistically validated, and the managerial implications have been derived.

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Section: Literature Review On Applications Of CML and Eco-indicatormentioning

confidence: 97%

Environmental impact assessment of an automotive component using eco-indicator and CML methodologies

Vinodh

Kandasamy

Joy

2011

Clean Techn Environ Policy

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“…This partition coefficient relates the contaminants partition in the liquid and solid phases, besides controlling their distribution and influencing the bioavailability of metals [14]. Some researchers [15,16] suggest that when partition coefficient values are high, the total amount of contaminants adsorbed by the suspended particulate matter is usually lower than the concentration in the dissolved phase.…”

Section: Dam Wall S9mentioning

confidence: 99%

Calculation of the Ecological Risk Index in the José Antonio Alzate Dam, State of Mexico, Mexico

López-Galván

Quintal²,

Solís-Correa³

et al. 2009

Biol Trace Elem Res

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Due to the problem of contamination in the Jose Antonio Alzate dam, located in the State of Mexico, Mexico, the partition coefficient, the contamination degree, and the ecological risk index of nine metals were calculated in order to establish the water quality in different areas of the Alzate dam. The sampling sites were selected according to the river flow into the dam, via three sampling programs, the physical-chemical parameters were measured in situ, and the samples were collected to measure metals in the dissolved phase and also as suspended particulate matter. Thomann's model was used to calculate the partition coefficient. Håkanson's methodology was used to determine the degree of contamination and the ecological risk index. Finally, the water quality criteria for the dissolved metals were calculated. The results for suspended particulate matter suggest a moderate risk of metal contamination in the dam. Copper and lead in dissolved form exceeded the values of water quality criteria.

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“…The fate factor FF j,i,s (d) typically expresses the mass of substance s in compartment j resulting from the emission to compartment i, while the effect factor EF j,s (PAF m 3 day kg −1 ) expresses the ecotoxic effect that can be expected in compartment j as a result of an increase in the amount of substance s. In recognition of the influence that speciation has on the environmental fate of metal compounds, several studies have addressed how to include this in the calculation of FF for metals, e.g. Bhavsar et al (2004), Bhavsar et al (2008) and Strandesen et al (2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the use of total dissolved concentrations may be justified for non-dissociating organic pollutants, the toxicity of metals in water thus depends on the concentrations and activities of specific chemical forms (species) of the metal rather than on the total dissolved concentrations (e.g. Heijerick et al 2003;Strandesen et al 2007). The speciation pattern of metals is influenced by the overall composition of the solution (synthetic or natural), in particular, properties like pH, hardness, ionic strength and the presence of complexing ligands such as inorganic ions, EDTA (in synthetic test media) and naturally occurring dissolved organic matter (DOM) expressed as dissolved organic carbon (DOC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing speciation in the effect factor for characterisation of freshwater ecotoxicity—the case of copper

Christiansen

Holm

Borggaard

et al. 2011

Int J Life Cycle Assess

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Purpose Determination of the ecotoxicity effect factor (EF) in life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) is based on test data reporting the total dissolved concentration of a substance. In spite of the recognised influence of chemical speciation and physico-chemical characteristics of the aquatic systems on toxicity of dissolved metals, these properties are not considered when calculating characterization factors (CFs) for metals. It is hypothesised that the main cause of the variation in reported EC50 values of Cu among published test results lies in different speciation patterns for Cu in the test media, and that the toxicity of Cu is predominantly caused by the free Cu 2+ ion. Hence, the free Cu 2+ ion concentration should substitute the total dissolved metal concentration when determining the EF. Materials and methods The study was based on a review of published ecotoxicity studies reporting acute and chronic EC50 data for Cu to Daphnia magna and to different species of fish and algae. The speciation pattern of Cu in the different media applied in the studies was calculated using the Visual MINTEQ model. EFs were calculated according to the expression applied in the USEtox™ characterization model. Results and discussionReported EC 50 values for Cu show variations of one to several orders of magnitude for the same organism, but the study indicates that the large variation is caused by differences in water chemistry of the test media influencing the metal speciation. The relationship between the calculated free Cu 2+ ion concentration and reported EC 50 values indicates that the aquatic ecotoxicity of Cu to D. magna can be predicted from the free ion concentration. Other results confirm that the free Cu 2+ ion concentration depends on the [Cu]/[DOC] ratio since the majority of the total dissolved Cu is present as Cu-DOC complexes when the media contains more than 1 mg/L of DOC, and since Cu in such complexes has limited availability to the test organisms. Conclusions These results suggest that speciation should be taken into account in the modelling of both EFs and fate factors for LCIA, and the EF for Cu in the aquatic environment should be based on the concentration of the free Cu 2+ ion.

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Fate and distribution modelling of metals in life cycle impact assessment

Cited by 15 publications

References 28 publications

Environmental impact assessment of an automotive component using eco-indicator and CML methodologies

Environmental impact assessment of an automotive component using eco-indicator and CML methodologies

Calculation of the Ecological Risk Index in the José Antonio Alzate Dam, State of Mexico, Mexico

Addressing speciation in the effect factor for characterisation of freshwater ecotoxicity—the case of copper

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