Fate of 15N labelled nitrate and ammonium in a fertilized forest soil

Bengtsson, Göran; Bergwall, Christer

doi:10.1016/s0038-0717(99)00183-2

Cited by 72 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…For instance, Bengtsson and Bergwall (2000) found that long-term fertilized (30 years) root-free Norway spruce forest soils (O horizon) immobilized less of 15 N-labeled NH 4 + and NO 3 − relative to unfertilized control soils, confirming the results in Smolander et al (1994) and Priha and Smolander (1995) that microbial N in the humus layer decreased by 17 % in N-fertilized plots relative to the controls. In the N-saturated plots (fertilization at a rate of 140 kg N ha −1 year −1 for at least 10 years) of an acidic beech forest, both NH 4 + immobilization rates (organic layer) and NO 3 − immobilization rates (organic and 0-5 cm soil)…”

Section: General Characteristics Of Exogenous N-addition-induced Modisupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Additionally, estimated N losses as N 2 O and NO in Ndeposited and N-fertilized forest sites from the published reports are presented in Table 3. 2.1 N immobilization N immobilization by microbes or uptake by plants could have large influences on soil N transformations and the fate of N imported to forest ecosystems. There are multiple lines of evidence that the main fate for the deposited and added N to forest soils is microbial N immobilization, especially under Nlimited conditions (Bengtsson and Bergwall 2000;Templer et al 2005;Zogg et al 2000). It is likely that N added to these soils may not promote the net release of NH 4 + and autotrophic nitrification until microbial N limitation is removed (Hodge et al 2000;Schimel and Bennett 2004).…”

Section: General Characteristics Of Exogenous N-addition-induced Modimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there is usually a reduction in the amounts and rates of microbial N immobilization in forest soils under high N deposition and fertilizer input conditions (Bengtsson and Bergwall 2000;Corre et al 2003Corre et al , 2007Priha and Smolander 1995;Smolander et al 1994). For instance, Bengtsson and Bergwall (2000) found that long-term fertilized (30 years) root-free Norway spruce forest soils (O horizon) immobilized less of 15 N-labeled NH 4 + and NO 3 − relative to unfertilized control soils, confirming the results in Smolander et al (1994) and Priha and Smolander (1995) that microbial N in the humus layer decreased by 17 % in N-fertilized plots relative to the controls.…”

Section: General Characteristics Of Exogenous N-addition-induced Modimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, besides the amounts and forms of N deposition and fertilization, soil N transformations could be greatly affected by many factors and processes as shown in Fig. 1 (Aber et al 1998;Bengtsson and Bergwall 2000;Corre et al 2007;Xu et al 2013;Zhang et al 2009), making it difficult to identify the main controls, pathways, and mechanisms affecting process-specific transformations and isolate the effects of N deposition and fertilization, and thus resulting in a lack of mechanistic understanding of the links between N cycling and increased N 2 O emission and soil acidification in response to N deposition and fertilization (Templer et al 2008;Zhao et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of nitrogen deposition and fertilization on N transformations in forest soils: a review

et al. 2015

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Purpose Understanding how process-specific nitrogen (N) transformations in natural forest soils are modified by N deposition and fertilization is critically important to gain mechanistic insights on the links between global N deposition and N enrichment and loss in forest soils. Materials and methods Here we identify the general characteristics and the main mechanisms of N deposition-and fertilization-induced modifications in multiple N transformations, including N immobilization, N mineralization, nitrification (autotrophic nitrification and heterotrophic nitrification), and denitrification, in forest soils by literature survey. Results and discussion Overall, N status, soil C/N ratios, C availability, and soil pH are key factors separately and/or interactively affecting the effects of N deposition and fertilization on forest soil N transformations. In the N-limited stage, N deposition and fertilization can act as a stimulator of N mineralization by removing microbial N limitation and reducing the C/N ratios of the substrate being decomposed. In the Nunlimited stage, N added to forest ecosystems can retard N mineralization, which may primarily be a result of decreased microbial activity due to soil acidification and low C availability. The changes in N mineralization may drive a corresponding change in N immobilization, autotrophic nitrification, and denitrification. Despite the fact that ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) has a higher affinity than ammonia-oxidizers (AOB) for low-concentration ammonia (NH 3 ), low NH 3 availability may still limit the rate of ammonia oxidation (autotrophic nitrification) in acidic forest soils even in the case of high NH 4 + input. Heterotrophic nitrification, however, may be favored if soil C/N ratios and pH decrease with N deposition and fertilization. The responses of denitrification and N 2 O emission to N deposition and fertilization in forests may be nonlinear, with a trend of stimulation in the short term but a decline over time, partly because soil pH has a contrast effect on denitrification capacity and N 2 O emission. Conclusions There are various effects of N deposition and fertilization on forest soil N transformations; thus, their responses to N deposition are still not well characterized and understood. N deposition-and fertilization-induced modifications in soil N transformations have important implications for N enrichment, N loss, and soil acidification in forest ecosystems. In the future, more research is required to investigate on dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) process and link microbial community characteristics and functions of microbial extracellular enzymes with these rate processes in forest soils to narrow the uncertainty in evaluating and predicting ecosystem responses to global N deposition.

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Section: General Characteristics Of Exogenous N-addition-induced Modisupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: General Characteristics Of Exogenous N-addition-induced Modimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: General Characteristics Of Exogenous N-addition-induced Modimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of nitrogen deposition and fertilization on N transformations in forest soils: a review

et al. 2015

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“…soil pH, N status, C pool, C: NO 3 À ratio) and N transformations. These observations might point to the fact that DNRA is relatively resistant to disturbances or environmental changes, such as N deposition (Bengtsson and Bergwall, 2000;Silver et al, 2005).…”

Section: The Effects Of Nhmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are nitrate production and retention processes in subtropical acidic forest soils responsive to ammonium deposition?

Gao

Kou

Yang

et al. 2016

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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N tracing model Acid soil of subtropical forest a b s t r a c tChanges in soil N-cycling and retention processes in subtropical/tropical acidic forest ecosystems under anthropogenic N inputs are not well understood. We conducted a laboratory 15 N tracing study on an acid soil (pH values: 4.6 to 5.0) from a subtropical forest fertilized for more than 2.5 years at a rate of 0, 40, and 120 kg NH 4 CleN ha À1 yr À1 , respectively. To get a better resolution of mechanistic changes in soil N cycling and retention processes under NH 4 þ additions, we used a conceptual 15 N tracing model to quantify process-specific and pool-specific N transformation rates in soils. Gross N mineralization rates decreased at high NH 4 þ additions, which were paralleled by a reduction in fungal biomass and mineralization of recalcitrant organic N. Gross NH 4 þ immobilization rates did not show a change with increasing NH 4 þ additions. Interestingly, soil NO 3 À production (heterotrophic, autotrophic, and gross nitrification) and retention (NO 3 À immobilization and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium) showed insensitivity to increasing additions of NH 4 þ . The mechanisms behind the lack of response of heterotrophic nitrification were unclear, but possibly related to the absence of significant changes in soil C: N ratio and soil acidity under increased NH 4 þ additions. Because of the low autotrophic nitrification potential and the lack of NH 4 þ limitation to autotrophic nitrifiers, autotrophic nitrification was unresponsive to NH 4 þ additions.NO 3 À immobilization rates appeared to be controlled by the NO 3 À produced from heterotrophic nitrification, as indicated by the positive relationship between NO 3 À immobilization and heterotrophic nitri-thus showing a lack of a change under increased NH 4 þ additions. DNRA seemed to be inherently less responsive to environmental changes such as NH 4 þ deposition. Our work demonstrates that enhanced NH 4 þ deposition has a low potential to stimulate soil NO 3 À production and weaken soil retention of NO 3 À in this, and perhaps other subtropical/tropical acidic forest ecosystems.

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Soil Nitrogen Cycle

Myrold

2003

Encyclopedia of Environmental Microbiology

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Forms of Soil Nitrogen The Nitrogen Cycle and Nitrogen Balances Dinitrogen Fixation Ammonification Assimilation Net Production and Consumption of NH 4 + Nitrification Denitrification Environmental Consequences of Nitrogen Cycling

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Fate of 15N labelled nitrate and ammonium in a fertilized forest soil

Cited by 72 publications

References 63 publications

Effects of nitrogen deposition and fertilization on N transformations in forest soils: a review

Effects of nitrogen deposition and fertilization on N transformations in forest soils: a review

Are nitrate production and retention processes in subtropical acidic forest soils responsive to ammonium deposition?

Soil Nitrogen Cycle

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