Fate of Pah Compounds in Two Soil Types: Influence of Volatilization, Abiotic Loss and Biological Activity

Ishaq

2007

Environ Monit Assess

PAHs are formed during the incomplete combustion of organic substances containing carbon and hydrogen and are one of the first atmospheric pollutants identified as carcinogens. Most of the PAH environmental burden is found in the soil (95%). Soil samples collected from different roadsides were analyzed for seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The quantitative and qualitative analysis was carried out by UV Spectrophotometer. The individual PAH value ranged from 0.1 to 18.0 mg/kg. Phenenthrene and Pyrene were found to be the most abundant compounds. Vehicle emissions are the principal source of PAH in the Roadside soils. The highest concentration was found at site S2 (Hasthtnagri Roadside) which shows the highest traffic density.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of vehicle exhaust on the quantity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil

Ishaq

2007

Environ Monit Assess

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol

“…The aqueous solubility, and as a consequence, the bioavailability of PAHs decrease almost logarithmically with increasing molecular mass (Johnsen et al 2005). In general, biotic mechanisms are responsible for removal of PAHs containing more than 3-rings and volatilization is important only for 2-ring compounds such as naphthalene and 1-methylnaphthalene (Park et al 1990).…”

Section: Contaminated Associatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioremediation technologies for treatment of PAH-contaminated soil and strategies to enhance process efficiency

Mohan

Kisa

Ohkuma

et al. 2006

200

The complex and diverse structural configurations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), combined with their low bioavailability, hydrophobic nature, strong sorption phenomena, and high persistence in soil makes the design of effective bioremediation methodologies a challenge. The multi-phasic nature of the bioremediation process, restricted mass transfer and non-availability of degrading soil microflora further compound the problem. In this direction, this communication presents a focused review of bioremediation technologies used recently for the treatment of PAH-contaminated soils. The specific roles of important factors affecting bioremediation process efficiency are discussed. Finally some of the recently used strategies to enhance bioremediation process efficiency, including bioaugmentation, biostimulation, rhizoremediation, the use of chemotaxins, the biomimetic catalytic system approach, and integrated techniques, are reviewed.

“…PAHs with three rings or more tend to be strongly adsorbed to sediments and solid particles, as a direct result of their chemical and physical properties. Strong sorption, coupled with very low water solubility and very low vapor pressures, render leaching and volatilization an insignificant pathways with regard to the dissipation of PAHs (Park et al 1990). Although several hundreds of PAHs have been identified thus far, the majority of studies have focused specifically on the 15 to 17 better-known EPA priority PAHs due to their toxicological significance (Black 1983;Bauman 1984;Angerer et al 1997;Cho et al 2003;Ma et al 2005, Qiao et al 2006.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and pollution sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in reclaimed tidelands and tidelands of the western sea coast of South Korea

Cho

Son

Park

et al. 2008

Environ Monit Assess

The wide-scale reclamation of tidal flats distributed throughout the western and southern coastal areas in Korea has been completed, in an effort to expand the available arable land. The present studies were conducted in order to characterize the concentrations and compositional patterns of selected PAHs, in order to obtain more information regarding environmental risk assessments for sustainable and environment-friendly agriculture in reclaimed tidelands and tidelands in South Korea. The PAH contents were low to moderate, relative to other urbanized regions of the world. Sigma PAHs ranged from 69.8 to 1,175.2 ng g(-1) in dry weight, with a mean value of 394.4 ng g(-1). Differences were observed in the Sigma PAHs concentrations between industrial complex areas and rural regions. The two dominant PAHs were identified as fluoranthene and pyrene. These compounds constituted 1.4 to 55.0% (mean, 33.4%) and 2.7 to 45.6% (mean, 22.0%) of the Sigma PAHs. Our correlation analysis revealed that the Sigma PAHs contents were associated significantly with the organic carbon content (R(2) = 0.86, P < 0.01) and the cation exchange capacity (CEC; R(2) = 0.89, P < 0.01) in the reclaimed tidelands and tidelands.