Fate of Steroid Estrogens in Australian Inland and Coastal Wastewater Treatment Plants

Braga, O.; Smythe, George A.; Schäfer, A.I.; Feitz, Andrew

doi:10.1021/es0514242

Cited by 52 publications

(79 citation statements)

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“…Conversely, however, the relative ratios of E1, E2, E3, and EE2 in the WWTP inlets in Beijing were quite similar to those found in previous studies in Spain and Italy (Baronti et al 2000;Petrovic et al 2002). Concentrations of the six estrogens in the two WWTP effluents were about 10 ng/l, lower than those observed in Spain, France, Italy, Australia, Germany, and other cities in China (Lee and Peart 1998;Baronti et al 2000;Petrovic et al 2002;Andersen et al 2003;Braga et al 2005;Pierre and Hélène 2005;Chen et al 2007, Jin et al 2008.…”

Section: Concentration Levels Of the Six Estrogens In Different Efflusupporting

confidence: 85%

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Occurrences of six steroid estrogens from different effluents in Beijing, China

Zhou

Zha

et al. 2011

Environ Monit Assess

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Concentration levels of six natural and anthropogenic origin steroid estrogens, namely, diethylstilbestrol (DES), estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), ethinylestradiol (EE2), and estradiol-17-valerate (Ev), from different effluents in Beijing were assessed. Sampling sites include two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), a chemical plant, a hospital, a pharmaceutical factory, a hennery, and a fish pool. In general, concentrations of estrogens in the effluents varied from no detection (nd) to 11.1 ng/l, 0.7 to 1.2 × 10 3 ng/l, nd to 67.4 ng/l, nd to 4.1 × 10 3 ng/l, nd to 1.2 × 10 3 ng/l, and nd to 11.2 ng/l for DES, E1, E2, EE2, E3, and Ev, respectively. The concentration levels of steroid estrogens from different effluents decreased in the order of pharmaceutical factory and WWTP inlets > hospital > hennery > chemical factory > fish pool. This study indicated that natural estrogens E1, E2, and E3 and synthetic estrogen EE2 are the dominant steroid estrogens found in the different Beijing effluents. For source identification, an indicator (hE = E3/(E1 + E2 + E3)) was used to trace human estrogen excretion. Accordingly, hE in effluents from the hospital and WWTP inlets exceeded 0.4, while much smaller values were obtained for the other effluents. Human excretions were the major contributor of natural estrogens in municipal wastewater. Estimation results demonstrated that direct discharge was the major contributor of steroid estrogen pollution in receiving waters.

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Section: Concentration Levels Of the Six Estrogens In Different Efflusupporting

confidence: 85%

“…To date, however, E3 has been largely ignored though it is found at relatively higher concentrations (Andersen et al 2003;Braga et al 2005;Chen et al 2007). Occurring mainly in the water phase, E3 is a hydrophilic compound most commonly resulting from human excretion.…”

Section: Source Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrences of six steroid estrogens from different effluents in Beijing, China

Zhou

Zha

et al. 2011

Environ Monit Assess

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“…They principally enter the aquatic environment through treated effluent discharged from WWTPs. As a result of their incomplete degradation in the treatment plants, many of these chemicals survive the elimination process and some are even returned to their biologically active forms through de-conjugation (Braga et al, 2005;Miao et al, 2004). The existence of PPCPs at trace and ultra-trace levels in water systems, coupled with frequent temporal variations, render most traditional sampling approaches insufficient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of naproxen, ibuprofen and triclosan in wastewater using the polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS): A laboratory calibration and field application

Amdany¹,

Chimuka²,

Cukrowska³

2014

WSA

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In this study, the occurrence in wastewater of two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), naproxen and ibuprofen, and one personal care product, triclosan, was assessed using the polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS). The samplers were initially calibrated in the laboratory to obtain sampling rates (R s ) for each target compound followed by deployment in the influent and effluent of Goudkoppies and Northern Wastewater Treatment Plants ( in Goudkoppies and Northern WWTPs, respectively. Average concentrations of these compounds in the treated effluent ranged from 10.7 to 13.5 μg•ℓ -1 in Goudkoppies WWTP, and 20.4 to 24.6 μg•ℓ -1 in Northern WWTP. Analyte removal efficiencies varied between 68 and 86% in Goudkoppies WWTP and 61 and 82% in Northern WWTP. Grab samples processed by SPE method yielded higher analyte concentrations (up to three-fold) as compared to POCIS-derived estimates. This discrepancy was attributed to SPE's ability to extract both the free dissolved, and particle sorbed fractions of the contaminants.

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“…This synthetic hormone is of particular concern due to its high persistence in the environment and estrogenic activity. Concentration levels of natural and synthetic estrogens in WWTP influent and effluent has been well documented Andersen et al 2003;Braga et al 2005), but the removal efficiency of natural and synthetic steroid estrogens in WWTPs can be influenced by rainfall (Shore et al 1993;Kirk et al 2002), temperature (Tabak et al 1981;Desbrow et al 1998;Ternes 1998;Belfroid et al 1999;Baronti et al 2000), and hydraulic and sludge retention times (Ternes et al 1999a;Johnson et al 2000;Kirk et al 2002;Andersen et al 2003;Svenson et al 2003;Cargouët et al 2004). Previous research developed a model to estimate influent and effluent concentrations of steroid estrogens at sewage treatment plants (Johnson and Williams 2004); however, due to a lack of correlative information including water flow, population, WWTP operation parameters, and analysis methodology differences, and difficulty in determining steroid estrogens in complex matrices, estimated results have not always agreed with the monitored data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and fate of steroid estrogens in the largest wastewater treatment plant in Beijing, China

Zhou

Zha

Wang

2011

Environ Monit Assess

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Concern over steroid estrogens has increased rapidly in recent years due to their adverse health effects. Effluent discharge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is the main pollutant source for environmental water. To understand the pollutant level and fate of steroid estrogens in WWTPs, the occurrence of estrone (E1), 17-β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), and 17-β-ethinylestradiol (EE2) was investigated in the Gaobeidian WWTP in Beijing, China. Water samples from influent as well as effluent from second sedimentation tanks and advanced treatment processes were taken monthly during 2006 to 2007. In influent, steroid estrogen concentrations varied from 11.6 to 1.1× 10 2 ng/l, 3.7 to 1.4×10 2 ng/l, no detection (nd) to 7.6×10 2 ng/l and nd to 3.3×10 2 ng/l for E1, E2, E3, and EE2, respectively. Compared with documented values, the higher steroid estrogen concentrations in the WWTP influent may be due to higher population density, higher birthrate, less dilution, and different sampling time. Results revealed that a municipal WWTP with an activated sludge system incorporating anaerobic, anoxic, and aerobic processes could eliminate natural and synthetic estrogens effectively. The mean elimination efficiencies were 83.2%, 96.4%, 98.8%, and 93.0% for E1, E2, E3, and EE2, respectively. The major removal mechanism for natural estrogens and synthetic estrogen EE2 were biodegradation and sorption on the basis of mass balance in water, suspension particles, and sludge. In the WWTP effluent, however, the highest concentrations of E1, E2, E3, and EE2 attained were 74.2, 3.9, 5.1, and 4.6 ng/l, respectively. This is concerning as residual steroid estrogens in WWTP effluent could lead to pollution of the receiving water. Advanced flocculation treatment was applied in the WWTP and transformed the residual estrogen conjugates to free species, which were reduced further by filtration with removal shifting from 32% to 57% for natural estrogen, although no EE2 was removed.

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Fate of Steroid Estrogens in Australian Inland and Coastal Wastewater Treatment Plants

Cited by 52 publications

References 0 publications

Occurrences of six steroid estrogens from different effluents in Beijing, China

Occurrences of six steroid estrogens from different effluents in Beijing, China

Determination of naproxen, ibuprofen and triclosan in wastewater using the polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS): A laboratory calibration and field application

Occurrence and fate of steroid estrogens in the largest wastewater treatment plant in Beijing, China

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