Fate of Sulfur, Chlorine, Alkali Metal, and Vanadium Species during High-Temperature Gasification of Canadian Tar Sand Products

Abstract

Co-feed of alternative fuels, e.g., petcoke, gains increasing importance for energy conversion in not only Germany but also worldwide. An auspicious process for power generation is the integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC). Several volatile inorganic species are of concern in IGCC power systems, because they can cause erosion, corrosion, fouling, and slagging. The aim of this work was to obtain detailed information on the influence of fuel composition of the refinery product line tar sand, bitumen, and petcoke in comparison to the standard fuel hard coal on the release of sodium, potassium, chlorine, sulfur, and vanadium species during high-temperature gasification. In addition to the pure fuels, blends of hard coal and petcoke were gasified in lab-scale experiments in a helium/oxygen atmosphere at 1500 °C. The atmospheric conditions were in an entrained flow gasifier. Hot gas analysis was performed by molecular beam mass spectrometry. Species of interest were HCl, H 2 S, COS, SO 2 , NaCl, KCl, KOH, and V. A major finding is that the dilution effect cannot satisfactorily explain the release of the sulfur species under investigation for the fuel blends on one side but can explain the release of sodium and chlorine species on the other side.

Release of Inorganic Elements from Gasification and Co-Gasification of Coal with Miscanthus, Straw, and Wood at High Temperature

“…This is quite remarkable because the all-over content of sodium is decreasing with increasing straw share. It is well-known that chlorine is a very strong promotor of the release of sodium. − Therefore, the explanation of the determined release behavior of 58 NaCl + can be found in the increasing chlorine content with increasing straw share. Completely different release behavior was found for potassium, the second alkali metal under investigation.…”

“…Their experiment also suggests that there was an interaction between coals and biomass that leads to such effects. Additionally, it has been shown recently that secondary reactions play a major role in the release of sulfur species during co-gasification of coal with petroleum-based fuels, whereas the release of chlorine species was correlated to the dilution of the fuels through fuel blending. , Although there have been recent studies − that focus on the mentioned effects and the release behavior of inorganics in general, there is still a lack of knowledge especially regarding fuel blends, and the release behavior is not satisfactorily understood. Therefore, the objective of this work was to determine the release of alkali metal, chlorine, and sulfur species and to put the release into correlation with share of the fuel in the fuel blends.…”

Mercury Removal from Coal-Fired Flue Gas on Sulfur-Modified Petroleum Coke: Experiment and Simulation

“…Petroleum coke is a byproduct of heavy oil or oil sands refining process and can be divided into high sulfur (>4%), medium sulfur (2–4%), and low sulfur (<2%) petroleum coke according to the sulfur content of petroleum coke . High-sulfur petroleum coke has the advantages of high sulfur (>4%), high carbon (>85%), and low ash (<1.5%) content and is a potential mercury-removing adsorbent . However, the mechanism of mercury removal of high-sulfur petroleum coke adsorbents is still unclear.…”

“…12 Highsulfur petroleum coke has the advantages of high sulfur (>4%), high carbon (>85%), and low ash (<1.5%) content and is a potential mercury-removing adsorbent. 13 However, the mechanism of mercury removal of high-sulfur petroleum coke adsorbents is still unclear. Using high-sulfur petroleum coke as a precursor to prepare a mercury-removing adsorbent with superior performance can replace commercial activated carbon as a mercury-removing adsorbent, thereby reducing the cost of the adsorbent and realizing the clean and resource utilization of industrial byproducts.…”

Effect of La-Modified Supporter on H2S Removal Performance of Mn/La/Al2O3 Sorbent in a Reducing Atmosphere

“…H 2 S not only brings about environmental pollution and crisis of human health but also corrodes the processing facilities, which can increase production cost. So, it is important for the IGCC process to remove H 2 S to protect the downstream equipment. , Wet desulfurization technology conducted at low temperature has been studied for H 2 S removal in the IGCC. However, the temperature of coal-derived synthesis gas from the gasifier is normally between 800 and 900 °C, and the syngas must be cooled from high temperature to a lower temperature in the wet desulfurization process.…”