Fatigue and optimal conditions for short-term work capacity

MacIntosh, Brian R.; Svedahl, Krista; Kim, MinHan

doi:10.1007/s00421-004-1177-3

Cited by 18 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The ergometer geometry (seat height and handlebar position in relation to the crank center) was matched to the athlete's bicycle, which they used in the field trials, and the SRM powermeter was zeroed before each test in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Data were recorded at 5 Hz, which produced values that represent one-revolution averages (MacIntosh et al 2004).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximal torque- and power-pedaling rate relationships for elite sprint cyclists in laboratory and field tests

Gardner

Martin

Martin³

et al. 2007

Eur J Appl Physiol

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Performance models provide an opportunity to examine cycling in a broad parameter space. Variables used to drive such models have traditionally been measured in the laboratory. The assumption, however, that maximal laboratory power is similar to field power has received limited attention. The purpose of the study was to compare the maximal torque- and power-pedaling rate relationships during "all-out" sprints performed on laboratory ergometers and on moving bicycles with elite cyclists. Over a 3-day period, seven male (mean +/- SD; 180.0 +/- 3.0 cm; 86.2 +/- 6.1 kg) elite track cyclists completed two maximal 6 s cycle ergometer trials and two 65 m sprints on a moving bicycle; calibrated SRM powermeters were used and data were analyzed per revolution to establish torque- and power-pedaling rate relationships, maximum power, maximum torque and maximum pedaling rate. The inertial load of our laboratory test was (37.16 +/- 0.37 kg m(2)), approximately half as large as the field trials (69.7 +/- 3.8 kg m(2)). There were no statistically significant differences between laboratory and field maximum power (1791 +/- 169; 1792 +/- 156 W; P = 0.863), optimal pedaling rate (128 +/- 7; 129 +/- 9 rpm; P = 0.863), torque-pedaling rate linear regression slope (-1.040 +/- 0.09; -1.035 +/- 0.10; P = 0.891) and maximum torque (266 +/- 20; 266 +/- 13 Nm; P = 0.840), respectively. Similar torque- and power-pedaling rate relationships were demonstrated in laboratory and field settings. The findings suggest that maximal laboratory data may provide an accurate means of modeling cycling performance.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximal torque- and power-pedaling rate relationships for elite sprint cyclists in laboratory and field tests

Gardner

Martin

Martin³

et al. 2007

Eur J Appl Physiol

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“…However, we have two further concerns: (1) we suggest that it is not appropriate to use this example data to interpret their study, when in fact they should have obtained individualized data for each subject for such interpretation, and (2) we are concerned that Marcora and Staiano have not accepted that this information is evident in the published literature and that it was there long before they wrote their reply to Burnley (2010). We provided an example of this relationship using the data of a single subject, from a previously published study (MacIntosh et al 2004). In that article, we presented linear torqueangular velocity relationships in fatigue, and we also showed corresponding parabolic power-angular velocity relationships.…”

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confidence: 90%

Reply to: Reply to: The parabolic power–velocity relationship does apply to fatigued states

MacIntosh

Fletcher

2011

Eur J Appl Physiol

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“…Acceleration at the end of a Wingate test yields a linear torqueangular velocity relationship, which predicts a parabolic power-cadence relationship in these fatigued subjects (MacIntosh et al 2004). In fatigue, power output would be greater when measured at 75 rpm than when measured at 40 rpm.…”

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confidence: 98%

The parabolic power–velocity relationship does apply to fatigued states

MacIntosh

Fletcher

2010

Eur J Appl Physiol

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There is a relatively flat power-cadence relationship between 60 and 100 rpm in fatigued subjects (Beelen and Sargeant 1991). Does this mean power output measured at 80-100 rpm can be compared with power output at 40 rpm? Burnley (2010) says no, but Marcora and Staiano would argue that this is acceptable.There is published support for Burnley's point. Acceleration at the end of a Wingate test yields a linear torqueangular velocity relationship, which predicts a parabolic power-cadence relationship in these fatigued subjects (MacIntosh et al. 2004). In fatigue, power output would be greater when measured at 75 rpm than when measured at 40 rpm.We would argue that the results of Beelen and Sargeant (1991), which are remarkably similar to the results of Marcora and Staiano (2010a, b), are consistent with those of MacIntosh et al. (2004). The actual power output for the corresponding torque-cadence relationship has been added to Fig. 1, and these demonstrate that there is variation across a broad range of cadences. If you were to test at discreet cadences from 60 to 120 rpm, on separate days, as Beelen and Sargeant (1991) did, you would obtain power outputs distributed around the lines presented. The results shown in Fig. 1 illustrate that this range of cadences will yield similar power outputs: they exist on the plateau of the fatigued parabolic power-cadence relationship. Clearly, if you were to test at 40 rpm, the power drops off considerably.Marcora and Staiano (2010a, b) would have us believe that their subjects with a maximal power output of just over 1,000 W were capable of generating a power output over 700 W at 40 rpm, in the fatigued state. Note that the maximal predicted power in the non-fatigued state at 40 rpm for our subject (maximal power output of 1,248 W) is 740 W. It should also be pointed out that the parabolic power-cadence relationship overestimates power at 40 rpm because the maximum (isometric) torque that can be generated (while seated) is body weight (in Newton) times crank length. For a 175 mm crank and 82 kg subject, the maximum (isometric) torque would be 140 Nm, so maximum power (non-fatigued) at 40 rpm would be considerably less than 590 W. It seems highly unlikely that the subjects of Marcora and Staiano would have been able to Fig. 1 The linear torque-cadence relationship is plotted with solid symbols and the straight lines represent the regression lines, with r 2 = 0.9777 in the non-fatigued state and r 2 = 0.9784 in the fatigued state. Open symbols represent calculated power (on right axis) corresponding to the same measures as the torque values. Clearly, there is a parabolic power-cadence relationship Communicated by Susan Ward.

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Fatigue and optimal conditions for short-term work capacity

Cited by 18 publications

References 8 publications

Maximal torque- and power-pedaling rate relationships for elite sprint cyclists in laboratory and field tests

Maximal torque- and power-pedaling rate relationships for elite sprint cyclists in laboratory and field tests

Reply to: Reply to: The parabolic power–velocity relationship does apply to fatigued states

The parabolic power–velocity relationship does apply to fatigued states

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