“…In PEO, mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and erosion on light metals, such as titanium and aluminum, have improved with 10{100 micron coatings [10,11]. This coating approach is known as an electrical discharge process (unstable, ne, and short-life sparks) on the anode surface due to breakdown voltage with gaseous evolution [12,13]. PEO process is often carried out in weak and environment-compatible basic aqueous solution consisting of silicate, phosphate, and aluminate elements [14].…”