Fatigue crack detection in thick steel structures with piezoelectric wafer active sensors

Grésil, Matthieu; Yu, L.; Giurgiutiu, Victor

doi:10.1117/12.882137

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The past two decades have witnessed an extensive development of SHM sensor technology [5][6][7][8][9]. PWAS have emerged as one of the major SHM technologies because the same installation of PWAS transducers can be applied to a variety of damage detection methods [5][6][7]: propagating ultrasonic guided waves (acousto-ultrasonics), and standing waves (E/M impedance), as well as phased arrays (Figure 3). The most common used PWAS are made of piezoceramics (e.g., lead zirconate titanate, a.k.a.…”

Section: Figure 2: Interaction Of Ionizing Radiation With Sensors Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Health Monitoring With Piezoelectric Wafer Active Sensors Exposed to Irradiation Effects

Lin

Grésil

Giurgiutiu

et al. 2012

Volume 6: Materials and Fabrication, Parts a and B

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The increasing number, size, and complexity of nuclear facilities deployed worldwide are increasing the need to maintain readiness and develop innovative sensing materials to monitor important to safety structures (ITS) such as pressure vessels and piping (PVP) in a nuclear reactor. Technologies for the diagnosis and prognosis of PVP systems can improve verification of the health of the structure that can eventually reduce the likelihood of inadvertently failure. Recently investigated piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWAS) open the possibilities to develop and deploy such system. Piezoelectric wafer active sensors are widely used in structural health monitoring (SHM) to determine the presence of cracks, delaminations, disbonds, and corrosion. Durability and survivability of PWAS under environmental exposures has been tested before. However the irradiation effects, pertinent to nuclear facilities for PWAS, have not been studied yet. This paper presents a study on PWAS that exposed to high energy gamma radiation. PWAS were irradiated using a Co-60 gamma source in an irradiator with different exposure times. The dose rate and total absorbed dose were calculated using Monte Carlo simulations (MCNPX). The PWAS material properties, electrical contact change were characterized through a series of tests. The electro-mechanical impedance spectrum (EMIS) of PWAS was measured before and after irradiation. This study not only provides the fundamental understanding of the PWAS irradiation survivability but also tests the potential of PWAS as irradiation sensors for nuclear applications.

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Section: Figure 2: Interaction Of Ionizing Radiation With Sensors Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Health Monitoring With Piezoelectric Wafer Active Sensors Exposed to Irradiation Effects

Lin

Grésil

Giurgiutiu

et al. 2012

Volume 6: Materials and Fabrication, Parts a and B

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“…Damage indices calculated from guided Lamb wave-based techniques have been shown to correlate with physical damage growth, for example fatigue crack growth in steel structures (e.g. Gresil et al, 2011). Detection and imaging of damage may be limited by noise in the signal, temperature variations or by features of the structure itself such as flanges and welds (Croxford et al, 2007).…”

Section: Guided Lamb Wave-based Damage Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear vibro-ultrasonics for detection of damage and weak bonds in composites

Dunn¹

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Using composite materials in primary structures requires careful consideration of the ability of the material to withstand service loads, particularly the resistance to impact loads generated through contact with objects during flight or routine maintenance. While perhaps not causing immediate failure of the structure, even small, barely visible levels of damage can cause a decrease in stiffness or strength. It is important to detect this damage at an early stage, lest the damage grow and the strength of the structure be reduced to the level of service loading.

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“…In preliminary studies [5][6][7], we investigated how the group velocities of the S0 and A0 waves vary with mesh density (nodes per wavelength) N L λ = , where λ is the wavelength and L is the size of the element. For a1-D wave propagation problem, we choosed a mesh size of 0.1 mm corresponding to 76 N = , which mitigated a reasonable accuracy with an acceptable computation time.…”

Section: Fem Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive Simulation of Structural Sensing

Grésil¹,

Shen²,

Giurgiutiu³

2012

53rd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference

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This paper discusses the development of a methodology for multi-scale multi-domain predictive simulation of structural sensing. Tools are provided to extend the modeling capacities and improve quality and reliability of 1-D and 2-D guided wave propagation models using commercially available finite element method (FEM) packages. Predictive simulation of ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation (NDE) and structural health monitoring (SHM) in realistic structures is challenging. Analytical methods that can perform efficient modeling of wave propagation are limited to simple geometries. Realistic structures with complicated geometries are usually modeled with the FEM. However, the accuracy of the FEM models needs to be carefully assessed before they can be used to simulate the minute changes induced by structural damage. The modeling of the interaction between piezoelectric wafer active sensor (PWAS) and structural waves is addressed. Two main issues are discussed: (a) modeling of pitch-catch ultrasonic waves betwwen a PWAS transmitter and a PWAS receiver by comparison exact Lamb wave solutions, various FEM results, and experimental results; (b) nonlinear FEM models for localized structural sensing. The paper ends with summary and conclusions followed by recommendations for further work. Nomenclatureij S = mechanical strain tensor kl T = mechanical field tensor j D = electrical displacement tensor E ijkl s = mechanical compliance under constant mechanical stress T jk ε = dielectric permittivity under constant mechanical stress jkl d = piezoelectric constant ( ) e V t = time-domain excitation tension ( ) e V ω  = frequency-domain excitation tension ( , ) G x ω = frequency-domain structural transfer function at the x location ( , ) r V x t = time-domain receiver tension at the x location ( ) , x x t ε = in-plane strain at the plate surface a = half lenght of the piezoelectric wafer active sensor (PWAS) 0 τ = shear stress between the PWAS and the structure µ = Lame's constant S ξ = frequency dependent wave number of the symmetric Lamb wave mode A ξ = frequency dependent wave number of the antisymmetric Lamb wave mode PWAS κ = complex transduction coefficient that converts applied strain into PWAS voltage ( ) S ω = modal function for the symmetric Lamb mode ( ) A ω = modal function for the antisymmetric Lamb mode N = mesh density λ = wavelength L = size of the finite element r = damage severity c f = center frequency DI = damage index ( ) c A f = spectral amplitude at the central frequency ( ) 2 c A f = spectral amplitude at the second harmonic

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Fatigue crack detection in thick steel structures with piezoelectric wafer active sensors

Cited by 14 publications

References 24 publications

Structural Health Monitoring With Piezoelectric Wafer Active Sensors Exposed to Irradiation Effects

Structural Health Monitoring With Piezoelectric Wafer Active Sensors Exposed to Irradiation Effects

Nonlinear vibro-ultrasonics for detection of damage and weak bonds in composites

Predictive Simulation of Structural Sensing

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