“…(9) presents the SWT damage parameter [4] when a σ is replaced by max σ with the definition of max a m σ σ σ = + based on the assumption that for different strain amplitude, a ε , and mean stress, m σ , the product max a σ ε remains constant for a given life and can handle the zero or non-zero mean strain loading simultaneously. This SWT parameter, the stress-strain parameter max a σ ε , is one of the most popular procedures and has been found successful on low and high cycle fatigue responses of several materials [4,9,11,[22][23][24][25].…”