Fatigue Life and Crack Growth Mechanisms of the Type 316LN Austenitic Stainless Steel in 310°C Deoxygenated Water

Abstract

The low cycle fatigue tests of the type 316LN stainless steel were conducted to investigate the cracking mechanisms in high-temperature water. The fatigue lives of the specimens tested in 310 C deoxygenated water were considerably shorter than those tested in air. For the specimens tested in 310 C deoxygenated water, the evidences for the metal dissolution such as the stream downed feature, the blunt crack shape, and the wider crack opening were observed but rather weakly. In the same specimens, the evidences for the hydrogen-induced cracking such as the coalescence of microvoids and the decrease of the dislocation spacing at the crack tip were observed rather clearly. Therefore, it is thought that the hydrogen-induced cracking is mainly responsible for the reduction in the fatigue life of the type 316LN stainless steel in 310 C deoxygenated water while the effect of metal dissolution is less significant. The hydrogen-induced cracking is more pronounced in the slower strain rates. This behavior is in accordance with the larger reduction in the fatigue life at the slower strain rates. Furthermore, the fatigue life and the dislocation spacing show the minimum value in the strain rate range from 0.008 to 0.04%/s, which indicates the existence of the critical strain rate.