Fatigue of injection molded and 3D printed polycarbonate urethane in solution

Miller, Andrew T.; Safranski, David L.; Sycks, Dalton G.; Guldberg, Robert E.; Gall, Ken

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2016.11.055

Cited by 65 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Of particular interest here is the recent improvement in printable polymers, whose properties can be tailored to suit their intended application by tuning crosslink density and molecular weight and incorporating energy dissipation mechanisms such as interchain hydrogen bonding, aqueous ionic bonds in hydrogels, semi‐crystallinity, sliding crosslinks, interpenetrating polymer networks, and the addition of filler material. Further, many polymers such as tough polycarbonate urethane thermoplastics, self‐healing polymers and composites, and high‐strain semi‐crystalline polymers also benefit from heat treatment during or post‐printing to control phase‐separation, increase or activate new polymerization, and tune morphology, thereby improving their mechanical profile.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tough, stable spiroacetal thiol‐ene resin for 3D printing

Sycks

Park

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Though over 30 years old, 3D printing has seen an explosion of interest in recent years as technology has become sufficiently advanced and affordable, enabling widespread usage, and investigation of the technique as a method of manufacture. However, the materials commonly used for printing applications frequently suffer from poor mechanical properties and are only suitable for prototyping and non-load-bearing objects. We report a stable, tough resin formulation which incorporates spiroacetal molecules into the polymer backbone and displays widely varying and tunable mechanical properties. We characterize the system via (photo-)DSC, rheology, and tensile testing; further, we detail a comprehensive heat treatment investigation to optimize material performance and elucidate the structure-property relationships present in the printed and non-printed semi-crystalline photopolymer. Annealing the material at 40 8C for 120 hours produced a tough thiol-ene with a homogenous crystal structure. Printed samples exhibited comparable morphology their cast analogues, but suffered from reduced tensile properties as a result of interlayer adhesion. V C 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46259.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tough, stable spiroacetal thiol‐ene resin for 3D printing

Sycks

Park

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…With the observation of sample buckling in the hydrogel samples, tensile stresses became an important factor to consider even though strain‐controlled loading was employed for the testing. [ 95 ] Only the tensile load the sample endured at the median time point of the test was analyzed as a result of the stress relaxation observed in the hydrogels. Thus, these samples were analyzed for their “median life tensile stress range” with regard to the tensile stresses experienced in lieu of the compressive ones.…”

Section: Introduction Of Synthetic Hydrogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tensile Fatigue of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Hydrogels with Bio‐Friendly Toughening Agents

Koshut

Smoot

Rummel

et al. 2020

Macro Materials & Eng

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Inspired by the avoidance of toxic chemical crosslinkers and harsh reaction conditions, this work describes a poly(vinyl alcohol)‐based (PVA) double‐network (DN) hydrogel aimed at maintaining biocompatibility through the combined use of bio‐friendly additives and freezing–thawing cyclic processing for the application of synthetic soft‐polymer implants. This DN hydrogel is studied using techniques that characterize both its chemical and mechanical behavior. A variety of bio‐friendly additives are screened for their effectiveness at improving the toughness of the PVA hydrogel system in monotonic tension. Starch is selected as the best additive for further tensile testing as it brings about a near 30% increase in ultimate tensile strength and maintains ease of processing. This PVA–starch DN sample is then studied for its tensile fatigue properties through cyclic, strain‐controlled testing to develop a fatigue life curve. Though an increase in monotonic tensile strength is observed, the PVA–starch DN hydrogel does not bring about an improvement in the fatigue behavior as compared to the control. Although synthetic hydrogel reinforcement is widely researched, this work presents the first fatigue analysis of its kind and it is intended to serve as a guide for future fatigue studies of reinforced hydrogels.

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“…[7,10,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Reports on TPU elastomers whose maximum tensile strength under nondeformed state [11] reached 50 to 60 MPa were rare. [14,[22][23][24] Naturally, these TPU elastomers may be called, arbitrarily of course, TPU elastomers with superhigh tensile strength. Among these rare cases, Rogulska et al [14] reported a series of new thermoplastic poly(carbonate-urethane)s based on aromatic 4,4 0 -diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and chain extenders with sulfur atoms, including 2,2 0 -[sulfanediylbis (benzene-1,4-diyloxy)] diethanol, 2,2 0 -[oxybis(benzene-1,4-diylsulfane diyl)] diethanol or 2,2 0 -[sulfanediylbis(benzene-1,4-diylsulfanediyl)] diethanol.…”

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“…Miller et al [24] investigated the fatigue of injection molded and 3D printed polycarbonate urethane. The polycarbonate urethane materials also showed superhigh tensile strength (50-60 MPa).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was noticed that these TPU elastomers with superhigh tensile strength [14,[22][23][24] were all formed from polycarbonate diols (PCDL), though with different diisocyanates and/or chain extenders. In addition, except for alicyclic diisocyanates, aromatic diisocyanate MDI [14] and aliphatic diisocyanates HDI [22] and BDI [23] were used in making such TPU elastomers with super-high tensile strength.…”

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Thermoplastic polyurethane–urea elastomers with superior mechanical and thermal properties prepared from alicyclic diisocyanate and diamine

Wang

Huang

2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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High‐performance thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) elastomers have long been the objective of numerous studies. In this work, thermoplastic polyurethane–urea (TPUU) elastomers with balanced superior mechanical and thermal properties, in comparison with the rare cases of high‐performance TPU/TPUU elastomers with super‐high tensile strength, were synthesized by the reaction of polycarbonate diols with excess alicyclic isophorone diisocyanate, followed by the chain extension of alicyclic isophorone diamine. When the content of hard segment was around 47%, the TPUU elastomer had super‐high tensile strength of 51.7 MPa, initial elastic modulus of 698 MPa and elongation at break of 480%. The temperature range of this TPUU elastomer's rubbery state was up to 120°C with storage modulus above 200 MPa, and its rubbery flow state reached 200°C where the storage modulus was still as high as 100 MPa. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated the presence of strongly hydrogen bonded urethane and urea groups in these TPUU elastomers. Atomic force microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry studies demonstrated significant and nearly perfect microphase separation in these TPUU elastomers when the hard segment content was around or below 47%. These noncrystalline TPUU elastomers could be thermally processed or processed in the form of a solution.

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Fatigue of injection molded and 3D printed polycarbonate urethane in solution

Cited by 65 publications

References 69 publications

Tough, stable spiroacetal thiol‐ene resin for 3D printing

Tough, stable spiroacetal thiol‐ene resin for 3D printing

Tensile Fatigue of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Hydrogels with Bio‐Friendly Toughening Agents

Thermoplastic polyurethane–urea elastomers with superior mechanical and thermal properties prepared from alicyclic diisocyanate and diamine

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