Fatness predicts decreased physical activity and increased sedentary time, but not vice versa: support from a longitudinal study in 8- to 11-year-old children

Hjorth, Mads F.; Chaput, Jean‐Philippe; Ritz, Christian; Dalskov, Stine-Mathilde; Andersen, Rikke; Astrup, Arne; Tetens, Inge; Michaelsen, Kim F.; Sjödin, Anders

doi:10.1038/ijo.2013.229

Cited by 124 publications

(186 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Other likely explanations of this paradoxical finding include reasons related to the structure of the data, 28 regression of BMI/waist circumference to the mean as participants grew older, and possible reverse causation between accelerometry counts (that determine ST time) and BMI or body fat mass. 29 Accelerometer-assessed ST was not associated with adiposity in earlier cross-sectional analyses, 16 although greater waist circumference 14 and greater body fat mass 30 at baseline have been associated with longitudinal increases of ST 14 in other studies, a finding we did not confirm.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Sedentary Time in Late Childhood and Cardiometabolic Risk in Adolescence

Stamatakis

Coombs

Tiling³

et al. 2015

Pediatrics

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: There is a paucity of prospective evidence examining the links between sedentary time (ST) and cardiometabolic outcomes in youth. We examined the associations between objectively assessed ST and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in childhood with cardiometabolic risk in adolescence. METHODS:The study included 4639 children (47% male) aged 11 to 12 years at baseline whose mothers were enrolled in ALSPAC (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children) during their pregnancy in the early 1990s. A total of 2963 children had valid blood samples at age 15 to 16 years. Associations with baseline ST and MVPA were examined for BMI, waist circumference, body fat mass, lean body mass, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein, and a clustered standardized cardiometabolic risk score (CMscore).RESULTS: Baseline ST was not associated deleteriously with any cardiometabolic markers. MVPA was beneficially associated with the 3 adiposity indicators, lean body mass, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, insulin, HDL cholesterol, and CMscore; once the models were adjusted for baseline levels of these markers, these associations remained for body fat mass ( CONCLUSIONS: We found no evidence linking ST in late childhood with adverse cardiometabolic outcomes in adolescence. Baseline MVPA was beneficially linked to broad cardiometabolic health in adolescence.WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Evidence on the cardiometabolic consequences of sedentary behavior in youth is inconsistent and mostly relies on cross-sectional studies. Studies with objective measures of sedentary time have found limited evidence of cross-sectional associations with adiposity markers but no other outcomes. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:Objectively assessed daily sedentary time was not prospectively associated with cardiometabolic outcomes. Moderate to vigorous physical activity was beneficially associated with body fat mass, insulin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and clustered cardiometabolic score. Dr Stamatakis conceptualized and designed the study, drafted the initial manuscript, and revised the text of the manuscript several times after previous submissions and reviews; Dr Coombs conducted the initial analyses, drafted parts of the methods section, repeated the analyses several times after previous submissions and reviews, and reviewed and revised the manuscript; Dr Tiling drafted parts of the statistical analyses section, contributed to the idea and design, and reviewed and revised the manuscript; Dr Mattocks drafted parts of the physical analyses section and reviewed and revised the manuscript; Dr Cooper acquired the physical activity data and reviewed and revised the manuscript; Dr Hardy contributed to the idea and reviewed and revised the manuscript; Dr Lawlor acquired the biochemical data, contributed to the idea and design, and reviewed and r...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Sedentary Time in Late Childhood and Cardiometabolic Risk in Adolescence

Stamatakis

Coombs

Tiling³

et al. 2015

Pediatrics

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“…Among longitudinal studies, associations between total PA and adiposity were mixed: 3/7 studies reported at least 1 favourable association (Janz et al 2005;Riddoch et al 2009;White and Jago 2012), and 6/7 studies reported at least 1 null association (Janz et al 2005;Butte et al 2007a;Riddoch et al 2009;Basterfield et al 2012;White and Jago 2012;Hjorth et al 2014aHjorth et al , 2014b. Approximately half of the longitudinal studies that examined VPA (2/3 studies; Janz et al 2005;Carson et al 2014) and/or MVPA (4/7 studies; Janz et al 2009;Riddoch et al 2009;Mitchell et al 2013;Hjorth et al 2014b) reported a favourable prospective association with at least 1 measure of adiposity.…”

Section: S203 Published By Nrc Research Pressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Total PA: VERY LOW m 1/7 studies reported favourable associations (Janz et al 2005); 2/7 studies reported mixed favourable and null associations White and Jago 2012); 4/7 studies reported null associations (Butte et al 2007a;Basterfield et al 2012;Hjorth et al 2014aHjorth et al , 2014b) VPA: 2/3 studies reported favourable associations (total and bouts, Janz et al 2005; dose-response trend, Carson et al 2014); 1/3 studies reported null associations (Butte et al 2007a) MVPA: 2/7 studies reported favourable associations (Janz et al 2009;Mitchell et al 2013); 2/7 studies reported mixed favourable and null associations Hjorth et al 2014b); 3/7 studies reported null associations (Stevens et al 2007;Hallal et al 2012;Hjorth et al 2014a) MPA: 2/2 studies reported null associations (total and bouts, Janz et al 2005;Butte et al 2007a) LPA: 2/3 studies reported null associations (Butte et al 2007a;Treuth et al 2009); 1/3 studies reported an unfavourable association, with evidence of dose-response gradient )…”

Section: No Serious Imprecisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Approximately half of the longitudinal studies that examined VPA (2/3 studies; Janz et al 2005;Carson et al 2014) and/or MVPA (4/7 studies; Janz et al 2009;Riddoch et al 2009;Mitchell et al 2013;Hjorth et al 2014b) reported a favourable prospective association with at least 1 measure of adiposity. No studies reported a prospective association between MPA and adiposity (0/2 studies; Janz et al 2005;Butte et al 2007a).…”

Section: S203 Published By Nrc Research Pressmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematic review of the relationships between objectively measured physical activity and health indicators in school-aged children and youth

Poitras

Gray

Borghese

et al. 2016

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

1,551

1,229

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Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is essential for disease prevention and health promotion. Emerging evidence suggests other intensities of physical activity (PA), including light-intensity activity (LPA), may also be important, but there has been no rigorous evaluation of the evidence. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the relationships between objectively measured PA (total and all intensities) and health indicators in school-aged children and youth. Online databases were searched for peer-reviewed studies that met the a priori inclusion criteria: population (apparently healthy, aged 5-17 years), intervention/exposure/comparator (volumes, durations, frequencies, intensities, and patterns of objectively measured PA), and outcome (body composition, cardiometabolic biomarkers, physical fitness, behavioural conduct/pro-social behaviour, cognition/academic achievement, quality of life/well-being, harms, bone health, motor skill development, psychological distress, self-esteem). Heterogeneity among studies precluded meta-analyses; narrative synthesis was conducted. A total of 162 studies were included (204 171 participants from 31 countries). Overall, total PA was favourably associated with physical, psychological/social, and cognitive health indicators. Relationships were more consistent and robust for higher (e.g., MVPA) versus lower (e.g., LPA) intensity PA. All patterns of activity (sporadic, bouts, continuous) provided benefit. LPA was favourably associated with cardiometabolic biomarkers; data were scarce for other outcomes. These findings continue to support the importance of at least 60 min/day of MVPA for disease prevention and health promotion in children and youth, but also highlight the potential benefits of LPA and total PA. All intensities of PA should be considered in future work aimed at better elucidating the health benefits of PA in children and youth.Key words: physical activity, body composition, cardiometabolic biomarkers, fitness, behavioural conduct, bone health, academic achievement, quality of life, well-being, children.Résumé : L'activité physique d'intensité moyenne à vigoureuse (« MVPA ») est essentielle à la prévention des maladies et à la promotion de la santé. D'après de récentes données, l'activité physique (« PA ») pratiquée à d'autres intensités telles que légères (« LPA ») s'avère aussi importante, mais il n'y a pas d'évaluation rigoureuse de ces faits. Cette analyse documentaire systématique a pour objectif d'examiner la relation entre l'activité physique mesurée objectivement (totale et à chacune des intensités) et des indicateurs de la santé chez des enfants et des jeunes d'âge scolaire. On a cherché dans des bases de données en ligne pour identifier des études révisées par des pairs et présentant a priori les critères d'inclusion suivants : population (apparemment en santé, sujets âgés de 5 à 17 ans), intervention/exposition/comparateur (volume, durée, fréquence, intensité et types de mesure objective de PA) et le résultat (composition c...

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“…To address the issue of reverse causation, prospective studies have measured activity and adiposity at multiple time points in children [7,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22], although few studies have investigated bidirectional associations between activity and fatness in childhood and adolescence. Of those that have, one showed a lack of longitudinal association between physical activity and body composition [21], while three showed that whereas physical activity could not predict fatness, fatness was predictive of future physical inactivity [7,20,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Causality in the Association between Child Adiposity and Physical Activity Levels: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis

Richmond¹,

Smith²,

Ness³

et al. 2015

The Childhood Obesity Epidemic

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Background: Cross-sectional studies have shown that objectively measured physical activity is associated with childhood adiposity, and a strong inverse dose-response association with body mass index (BMI) has been found. However, few studies have explored the extent to which this association reflects reverse causation. We aimed to determine whether childhood adiposity causally influences levels of physical activity using genetic variants reliably associated with adiposity to estimate causal effects.

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Fatness predicts decreased physical activity and increased sedentary time, but not vice versa: support from a longitudinal study in 8- to 11-year-old children

Cited by 124 publications

References 44 publications

Sedentary Time in Late Childhood and Cardiometabolic Risk in Adolescence

Sedentary Time in Late Childhood and Cardiometabolic Risk in Adolescence

Systematic review of the relationships between objectively measured physical activity and health indicators in school-aged children and youth

Assessing Causality in the Association between Child Adiposity and Physical Activity Levels: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis

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