Fatores de risco para diabetes mellitus gestacional na coorte de nascimentos de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, 2004

Abstract

Consensus statements by various countries have reported age, obesity, and family history of diabetes mellitus as risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus. Other factors remain controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with gestational diabetes among mothers of newborns from the birth cohort in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, in 2004. We interviewed 4,243 postpartum women in hospital, with a 0.5% refusal rate. Diagnosis of gestational diabetes was self-reported. Prevalence of gestational diabetes was 2.95% (95%CI: 2.53-3.64). Crude analysis using the chi-square test showed a direct association with age, schooling, socioeconomic status, and body mass index (BMI) and an inverse association with maternal height. Non-white color, family history of diabetes mellitus, smoking in the first and second trimesters, and physical activity before the pregnancy and in the first trimester were associated with the outcome. Adjusted hierarchical analysis using logistic regression showed an association with age, non-white color, higher schooling, family history of diabetes, and BMI. Height showed borderline significance. Smoking in the first and second trimesters showed a protective effect.

Cigarette smoking and gestational diabetes mellitus in Hispanic woman

“…When limited to studies that presented adjusted analyses (4 studies), the odds ratio was 0.95 (95% CI 0.85–1.07, 4 studies). Since the publication of this review article, three studies have found no association [19–21] between smoking and GDM risk while 2 retrospective studies and one prospective study reported a protective effect of smoking on GDM risk [22, 23]. …”

“…When the analysis was stratified by parity, there was a stronger protective effect among nulliparous women (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.13–0.75). Based on postpartum interviews of smoking status, Dode and Santos noted a protective effect of first (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.20–0.79) and second trimester (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.21–0.87) smoking on GDM risk [23]. Similarly, we observed that women who smoked during pregnancy had an unadjusted OR of 0.46 (95% CI 0.22, 0.95); however this effect was attenuated in multivariable analyses and no longer statistically significant.…”

Review of profile and prenatal care for women with gestational diabetes mellitus

“…Pregnancy over the age 35 is configured in an increasingly common reality observed nowadays, being related to changes in lifestyle; in which women postpone pregnancy over professional and personal goals. In this context, the gestational diabetes mellitus is characterized as a disease associated with advanced maternal age condition, but researchers warn that age cannot be analyzed in isolation, other important factors, such as obesity and family history may be present in younger women (7)(8) .…”

Implicações das restrições alimentares na vida diária de mulheres com diabete melito gestacional

“…Um estudo para determinar a prevalência de DMG em grávidas atendidas em Unidades Básicas de Saúde da cidade de Vitória/ES concluiu que essa taxa foi de 5,8% em uma amostra de 396 gestantes 6 . Em outro estudo realizado em Pelotas/RS, que investigou os fatores associados à ocorrência de DMG em 4.243 puérperas, a prevalência dessa patologia foi de 2,95% 7 . As taxas anteriormente citadas demonstram a relevância do DMG, tanto como uma intercorrência adquirida no decorrer da gravidez, quanto como um problema de saúde pública.…”