Fatores preditores para incapacidade funcional de idosos atendidos na atenção básica

Abstract

Objectives: to assess the predictors for the functional incapacity of the elderly in primary health care. Method: cross-sectional study, of which 388 older people participated, conducted in three Primary health care Units, using the Katz index and Lawton's scale. The research project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. Results: regarding the degree of dependency for Basic Activities, 90.2% were less independent for dressing themselves; and for Instrumental Activities, 77.1% of the elderly were less independent for doing handwork. The functional incapacity for basic activities was associated with age and color; for instrumental activities, with age, education, income of the elderly and self-assessment of health. Conclusion: attention should be paid to the overall assessment of the elderly person, in order to tailor care plans geared towards the preservation of their autonomy and the promotion of active ageing. Descriptors: Primary Health Care; Elderly; Health of the Elderly, Daily Activities, Nursing. RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar os fatores preditores para incapacidade funcional de idosos atendidos na atenção básica. Método: estudo transversal, do qual participaram 388 idosos, realizado em três Unidades Básicas de Saúde, utilizando-se o Índice de Katz e a escala de Lawton. O projeto de pesquisa foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: Quanto ao grau de dependência para Atividades Básicas, 90,2% eram menos independentes para vestir-se; e para as Atividades Instrumentais, 77,1% dos idosos foram menos independentes para fazer trabalhos manuais. A incapacidade funcional para atividades básicas esteve associada à idade e à cor; as atividades instrumentais, à idade, à escolaridade, à renda do idoso e à autoavaliação de saúde. Conclusão: deve-se atentar para a avaliação global da pessoa idosa, com vistas a adequar planos de cuidados voltados para a preservação da autonomia dos idosos e para a promoção do envelhecimento ativo. Descritores: Atenção Primária à Saúde; Idoso; Saúde do Idoso, Atividades Cotidianas, Enfermagem. RESUMEN Objetivos: valorar los factores predictores para la incapacidad funcional de adultos mayores atendidos en la atención básica. Método: estudio transversal, del cual han participado 388 adultos mayores, llevado a cabo en tres unidades de atención básica de salud, empleando el índice de Katz y la escala de Lawton. El proyecto de investigación ha sido aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación brasileño. Resultados: En relación al grado de dependencia para sus actividades básicas, un 90,2% de los adultos mayores eran menos independientes para vestirse; y para las actividades instrumentales, un 77,1% eran menos independientes para los trabajos manuales. La incapacidad funcional para las actividades básicas está asociada con la edad y etnia; y la de las actividades instrumentales con la edad, nivel de instrucción, renta y autovaloración de la salud del adulto Rev Bras Enferm [Internet]. 2017 jan-fev;70(1):106-12.

Factors associated with the functional capacity of older adults with leprosy

“…The associations found between functional capacity and socio-demographic and clinical characteristics are similar to the findings of other studies addressing older adults with other chronic conditions in the basic health care network. A study conducted with 388 older adults, using Katz Index and Lawton and Brody scale to assess predictive factors for functional incapacity, verified that functional incapacity for basic activities was associated with age and ethnicity and functional incapacity for instrumental activities was associated with age, educational attainment, income and health self-assessment (17) . Another important finding is the association between age and the functional capacity of going to distant places, shopping and preparing meals.…”

Health situation in the perception of elderly widows assisted by primary health care

“…The existence of restriction to perform the instrumental activities of daily life influences how the elderly woman understand their health condition. Dependence, with physical restraints and frailties may indicate a negative evaluation of one's health suggesting that decline in functional capacity is a parameter used by individuals to rate health in old age (4,21) .…”

“…Thus, the loss of autonomy manifests as a new paradigm of vitality and becomes one of the main determinants of the understanding of the health situation of the elderlies. With functional capacity compromised because of chronic diseases, the limitations arise and hinder the elderly women to carrying out daily activities, what consequently is negatively associated with the health situation (4) .…”

“…According to official data, in Brazil, the old age population rose from 9.7% in 2004 to 14.3% in 2015, of that 8% is represented by the female contingent of more than 60 years (3) , implying the feminization of old age (4)(5) .…”

Nivel educativo y la autonomía funcional en adultos que residen en Quito (Ecuador)

“…A pesar de que este estudio no incluyó la variable del nivel educativo, se coincide en que la edad es un factor que está asociado a la pérdida de autonomía de manera estadísticamente significativa. Finalmente, en nuestro estudio no se encontró asociación entre la autonomía funcional y el género, al igual que varios de los estudios revisados (Hacihasanoglu, Yildirim & Karakurt, 2012;Pereira et al, 2017).…”