Fatty‐Acid Biosynthesis

Landriscina, C; Gnoni, Gabriele V.; Quagliariello, Ernesto

doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1972.tb01974.x

Cited by 30 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…15 The quantitative composition of the plasma and liver in terms of triglycerides, cholesterol esters, and free cholesterol was determined by thin-layer chromatography according to Landriscina et al, 16 followed by densitometric quantification. The values are expressed as mean ± SEM.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes Mellitus in Sand Rats (Psammomys obesus): Metabolic Pattern During Development of the Diabetic Syndrome

Marquié¹,

Duhault

Jacotot

1984

Diabetes

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It has been reported that sand rats, naturally feeding on low-caloric-value plants containing a high concentration of salt, become obese and develop hyperglycemia when fed on a standard laboratory diet. The aim of this study was to examine the long-term effects of a synthetic-chow diet on the metabolic pattern of the diabetic syndrome in a large group of sand rats. While a few animals had a fulminant reaction with markedly decreased glucose tolerance, low plasma insulin levels, and death within 3-4 wk, most sand rats developed obesity and elevated plasma insulin levels. From the third month and forward, 40% of sand rats presented with a diabetic syndrome with hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, markedly decreased glucose tolerance, and insulin resistance. This diabetic syndrome can be compared with maturity-onset (type II) diabetes. When this synthetic-chow diet was given for more than 6 mo, the majority of animals lost considerable weight and showed a major depletion of fat stores. Serum immunoreactive insulin levels fell, while blood glucose rose to above 500 mg/dl with glycosuria and ketonuria. The elevated triglyceride content of plasma and the lipid deposits in the liver were greatly augmented, and no glycogen was present. Animals developed frank insulin-dependent diabetes, and diabetic animals not treated with insulin died in diabetic coma with presumed ketoacidosis. The disease was essentially confined to sand rats showing abnormal glucose tolerance, even before eating laboratory chow. This observation suggests a genetic factor. Thus, the sand rat appears to be a potentially interesting model for investigation of both maturity-onset and insulin-dependent diabetes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes Mellitus in Sand Rats (Psammomys obesus): Metabolic Pattern During Development of the Diabetic Syndrome

Marquié¹,

Duhault

Jacotot

1984

Diabetes

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“…After the animals were sacrificed by decapitation, the pooled livers from two rats were immediately removed, chilled in ice cold 0.25 M sucrose, cut into small pieces, washed and homogenized in a glass-teflon homogenizer. Mitochondria were then isolated as described elsewhere (21).…”

Section: Homogenate Preparation and Mitochonflria Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turnover of fatty acids in rat liver cardiolipin: Comparison with other mitochondrial phospholipids

Landriscina

Megli

Quagliariello

1976

Lipids

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Following intraperitoneal administration of 1-14C-linoleic acid or 2-3H-acetate to rats, the specific radioactivities of both liver cardiolipin and other mitochondrial phospholipids after different time intervals were measured. Comparison of the data obtained with those from another stock of rats treated with 32P-phosphate or 2-3H-glycerol showed that the fatty acids of cardiolipin, like those of other phospholipids, exhibit an independent turnover with respect to the remaining parts of the molecule. The half-life of acyl moieties of cardiolipin is ca. 20% higher than that of the same components of other mitochondrial phospholipids. Moreover, it appears that, in both cardiolipin and other phospholipids, linoleyl residues turn over faster than nonessential fatty acids. Discussion is made as to whether this characteristic can be related to the role of phospholipids in the functioning of some enzymes bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane.

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“…Palmitate can then be elongated to form longer-chain FAs, desaturated to generate unsaturated FAs or used for the synthesis of storage lipids, i.e. triglycerides [13]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrence in the ability for lipid synthesis between life stages in insects

et al. 2017

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The ability to synthesize lipids is critical for an organism’s fitness; hence, metabolic pathways, underlying lipid synthesis, tend to be highly conserved. Surprisingly, the majority of parasitoids deviate from this general metabolic model by lacking the ability to convert sugars and other carbohydrates into lipids. These insects spend the first part of their life feeding and developing in or on an arthropod host, during which they can carry over a substantial amount of lipid reserves. While many parasitoid species have been tested for lipogenic ability at the adult life stage, it has remained unclear whether parasitoid larvae can synthesize lipids. Here we investigate whether or not several insects can synthesize lipids during the larval stage using three ectoparasitic wasps (developing on the outside of the host) and the vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster that differ in lipogenic ability in the adult life stage. Using feeding experiments and stable isotope tracing with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, we first confirm lipogenic abilities in the adult life stage. Using topical application of stable isotopes in developing larvae, we then provide clear evidence of concurrence in lipogenic ability between larval and adult life stages in all species tested.

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Fatty‐Acid Biosynthesis

Cited by 30 publications

References 54 publications

Diabetes Mellitus in Sand Rats (Psammomys obesus): Metabolic Pattern During Development of the Diabetic Syndrome

Diabetes Mellitus in Sand Rats (Psammomys obesus): Metabolic Pattern During Development of the Diabetic Syndrome

Turnover of fatty acids in rat liver cardiolipin: Comparison with other mitochondrial phospholipids

Concurrence in the ability for lipid synthesis between life stages in insects

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