Fatty acid composition of <i>Tilia</i> spp. seed oils

Abstract

RESUMENComposición en ácidos grasos de aceites de semillas de Tilia spp.Como parte de un estudio sobre la composición de aceites derivados de semillas de plantas Malvaceae, las semillas de siete especies de Tilia (árboles de tilia o lima) fueron evaluadas con respecto a sus perfiles de ácidos grasos. Las semillas fueron obtenidas de Germplasm Research Information Network así como de varias fuentes comerciales. Tras la extracción del aceite con hexano, los glicéridos fueron trans-metilados y analizados por cromatografía de gases con dos fases polares estacionarias. Todos los aceites extraidos de las semillas analizados estaban compuestos principalmente de ácido linoleico (49-60%) y, en cantidades más bajas de ácido oleico (16-22%) y palmítico (8-10%). Otros componentes secundarios típicos también fueron encontrados. Además, los ácidos ciclopropenoides (i.e., ácidos estercúlicos y malválicos) estuvieron presentes en niveles entre 6 y 17%. En todas las muestras, el nivel de ácido malválico fue aproximadamente el doble del nivel de ácido estercúlico, lo que indica que una cantidad considerable de a-oxidación del ácido estercúlico ocurrió en las semillas. Dos productos de a-oxidación adicionales, los ácidos 8-heptadecenoico y 8,11-heptadecadienoico también fueron determinados. Juntos el nivel de estos ácidos grasos estuvo entre 1.3 y 2.3%, estas cantidades son comparables a los niveles reportados recientemente de estos ácidos en el aceite de semilla de Thespesia populnea. PALABRAS CLAVE: a-oxidación de ácidos grasosÁcidos ciclopropenoides -Árboles de tilia o lima -Árboles de tilia o Linden. SUMMARY Fatty acid composition of Tilia spp. seed oilsAs part of a study of the seed oil fatty acid composition of Malvaceae plants, the seeds of seven Tilia species (lime or linden trees) were evaluated for their fatty acid profiles. Seeds were obtained from the Germplasm Research Information Network and from various commercial sources. After extraction of the seed oil with hexane, the glycerides were trans-methylated and analyzed by gas chromatography on two polar stationary phases. All of the seed oils analyzed were composed primarily of linoleic acid (49-60%) with lesser amounts of oleic (16-22%) and palmitic (8-10%) acids. The usual secondary components were also found. In addition, cyclopropenoid acids (i.e., sterculic and malvalic acids) were present at levels between 6 and 17%. In all samples, the level of malvalic acid was approximately twice the level of sterculic acid, indicating that considerable a-oxidation of sterculic acid had occurred in these seeds.Two additional a-oxidation products, 8-heptadecenoic acid and 8,11-heptadecadienoic acid were also detected. Combined, the level of these fatty acids was between 1.3 and 2.3%, roughly comparable to the levels of these acids recently reported in the seed oil of Thespesia populnea.

Determination of Nutritional and Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids in Cottonseed by a Single GC Analysis

“…The method optimizes the chromatographic conditions using a polyethylene glycol (PEG) stationary phase for the resolution of all fatty acids of interest. While the elution of NFA and CPFA using a 100 % biscyanopropyl GC stationary phase works very well [9,10], the PEG stationary phase was chosen as this has the least impact on existing procedures for laboratories running crop studies. The method presented here is applicable to routine analysis of cottonseed and cottonseed oil with the focus being on analysis of those fatty acids suggested by the OECD consensus documents.…”

Precursor directed biosynthesis of odd-numbered fatty acids by different yeasts

“…The sources most often studied in terms of occurrence of 17:1 acid are mammalian milk and fat (Alves et al 2006), seeds of Malvaceae family plants (Dowd 2012;Dowd and Farve 2013), and higher basidiomycete fungi (Pedneault et al 2008). Mammalian milk was found to contain cis-8 and cis-9-17:1, probably of rumen microbial origin.…”

“…The seeds of Malvaceae plants (Thespesia populnea, Gossypium hirsutum, and Tilia spp.) were found to contain 8-17:1 as a major acid and 9-and 10-17:1 as minor ones (Dowd 2012;Dowd and Farve 2013). The fungus Ganoderma applanatum was found to contain cis-8-, cis-9-and cis-11-17:1 and the position of the double bond was determined based on mass spectra of picolinyl esters (Pedneault et al 2008).…”