Fatty acid composition of wild anthropoid primate milks

Milligan, Lauren A.; Rapoport, Stanley I.; Cranfield, Michael R.; Dittus, Wolfgang P. J.; Glander, Kenneth E.; Oftedal, Olav T.; Power, Michael L.; Whittier, Christopher A.; Bazinet, Richard P.

doi:10.1016/j.cbpb.2007.08.006

Cited by 31 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…3,109,110 anthropoid pattern. 35 Wild anthropoid primates produced the lowest proportion of DHA in their milk, 36 but similarly low values have been reported in human mothers. 42 Captive anthropoids, when given a dietary source of DHA from fish oil in commercial diets, produced milks with proportions and concentrations of DHA that are indistinguishable from those in human milk.…”

Section: Box 4 the Evolution Of Milk Synthesismentioning

confidence: 87%

Primate milk: Proximate mechanisms and ultimate perspectives

Hinde¹,

Milligan

2011

Evolutionary Anthropology

239

206

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To understand the evolutionary forces that have shaped primate lactation strategies, it is important to understand the proximate mechanisms of milk synthesis and their ecological and phylogenetic contexts. The lactation strategy of a species has four interrelated dimensions: the frequency and duration of nursing bouts, the period of lactation until weaning, the number and sex ratio of infants that a mother rears simultaneously, and the composition and yield of the milk that mothers synthesize. Milk synthesis, arguably the most physiologically costly component of rearing infants, remains the least studied. Energy transfer becomes energetically less efficient, transitioning from placental support to milk synthesis just as the energy requirements for infant growth, development, and behavioral activity substantially increase. Here we review primate lactation biology and milk synthesis, integrating studies from anthropology, biology, nutrition, animal science, immunology, and biochemistry, to identify the derived and ancestral features of primate milks and enhance our understanding of primate life history.

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Section: Box 4 the Evolution Of Milk Synthesismentioning

confidence: 87%

Primate milk: Proximate mechanisms and ultimate perspectives

Hinde¹,

Milligan

2011

Evolutionary Anthropology

239

206

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…We also caution that without measurements of 24‐h milk energy density and yield, we cannot determine actual infant FA intake (Mitoulas et al . 2003; Milligan et al . 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lower milk FA concentrations may not equate to lower FA intake, however, as any differences may be balanced out across total daily milk and/or milk lipid intake (Mitoulas et al . 2003; Milligan et al . 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acid composition in the mature milk of Bolivian forager‐horticulturalists: controlled comparisons with a US sample

Martin¹,

Lassek²,

Gaulin³

et al. 2012

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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Breast milk fatty acid (FA) composition varies greatly among individual women, including in percentages of the long-chain polyunsaturated FAs (LCPUFA) 20:4n-6 (arachidonic acid, AA) and 22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA), which are important for infant neurological development. It has been suggested that owing to wide variation in milk LCPUFA and low DHA in Western diets, standards of milk FA composition should be derived from populations consuming traditional diets. We collected breast milk samples from Tsimane women at varying lactational stages (6–82 weeks). The Tsimane are an indigenous, natural fertility, subsistence-level population living in Amazonia Bolivia. Tsimane samples were matched by lactational stage to samples from a US milk bank, and analysed concurrently for FA composition by gas-liquid chromatography. We compared milk FA composition between Tsimane (n = 35) and US (n = 35) mothers, focusing on differences in LCPUFA percentages that may be due to population-typical dietary patterns. Per total FAs, the percentages of AA, DHA, total n-3 and total n-6 LCPUFA were significantly higher among Tsimane mothers. Mean percentages of 18:2n-6 (linoleic acid) and trans FAs were significantly higher among US mothers. Tsimane mothers’ higher milk n-3 and n-6 LCPUFA percentages may be due to their regular consumption of wild game and freshwater fish, as well as comparatively lower intakes of processed foods and oils that may interfere with LCPUFA synthesis.

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“…Of the 32 infants that survived, 18 were <6 mo old. Food shortages at this time may have affected maternal nutrition and a reduction in the quantity and/or quality of their milk (Milligan et al 2008;Roberts et al 1985). This is supported by the fact that the availability of mature leaves decreased by approximately one-third during the 4-mo flooding period.…”

Section: Infant Mortality and Flooding Eventsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Infant Mortality in Black-and-Gold Howlers (Alouatta caraya) Living in a Flooded Forest in Northeastern Argentina

et al. 2012

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Ecological and social factors have a significant effect on infant survivorship in nonhuman primates. We present 6293 group-months of infant birth and mortality data for 29 groups of Alouatta caraya inhabiting a flooded forest in northeastern Argentina, collected over 1.5-8 yr depending on the group. We tested whether infant mortality was a response to the effects of flooding on food availability and whether male takeovers resulted in greater opportunities for infanticide. During our study, 43 of 113 infants died at a mean age of 5 mo. In 24 cases the cause of death was unknown. In the remaining 19 cases infant deaths were attributed to periods of intense flooding (N08), replacement of the breeding male (N08), problems associated with birth (N02), and injuries during an intergroup encounter (N01). Flooding reduced the availability of mature leaves, which appeared to play an important role in the ability of mothers to nurse their offspring. Male replacements occurred in four social groups that contained only one fully adult male. Infant mortality was significantly higher in groups that experienced male replacement compared to groups without male replacement. These results indicate that infant mortality in Alouatta caraya is affected by several factors-natural disasters, maternal condition and food availability, infanticide after male replacement, and possibly disease and predationeach of which needs to be evaluated to understand the history and demography of this primate population.

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Fatty acid composition of wild anthropoid primate milks

Cited by 31 publications

References 34 publications

Primate milk: Proximate mechanisms and ultimate perspectives

Primate milk: Proximate mechanisms and ultimate perspectives

Fatty acid composition in the mature milk of Bolivian forager‐horticulturalists: controlled comparisons with a US sample

Infant Mortality in Black-and-Gold Howlers (Alouatta caraya) Living in a Flooded Forest in Northeastern Argentina

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