Fatty Acid‐Specific Alterations in Leptin, PPARα, and CPT‐1 Gene Expression in the Rainbow Trout

Coccia, Elena; Varricchio, Ettore; Vito, Pasquale; Turchini, Giovanni M.; Francis, David S.; Paolucci, Marina

doi:10.1007/s11745-014-3939-y

Cited by 43 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…However, little was previously known about how different ratios of DHA/EPA affect various pathways involved in lipid metabolism in the liver. Thus, in order to understand the mechanism of action underlying the differences in lipid profile and liver lipid deposition caused by DHA/EPA supplementation, the mRNA expression levels of the following proteins were analyzed: SREBP-1C [26], SCD-1 [27], FAS [28], ACC-1 [4], and HSL [29], which are proteins involved in lipogenesis; and AMPK [30], PPARα [31], PPARγ [31], CPT-1 [32], and ACOX [8], which are proteins involved in fatty acid oxidation. Mice treated with DHA/EPA showed promotion of the expression of Fra1 protein and its relative mRNA expression, and inhibition of the expression of PPARγ mRNA, which potentially indicated that DHA/EPA exert their effects on lipid metabolic modulation by accelerating the expression of Fra1 and restraining the expression of PPARγ, and thereby suppressing the expression of their downstream adipogenic genes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effects of various ratios of DHA/EPA supplementation on high-fat diet-induced liver damage in mice

et al. 2017

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BackgroundA sedentary lifestyle and poor diet are risk factors for the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the pathogenesis of hepatic lipid accumulation is not completely understood. Therefore, the present study explored the effects of dietary supplementation of various ratios of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on a high-fat diet-induced lipid metabolism disorder and the concurrent liver damage.MethodsUsing high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6 J mice as the animal model, diets of various ratios of DHA/EPA (2:1, 1:1, and 1:2) with an n-6/n-3 ratio of 4:1 were prepared using fish and algae oils enriched in DHA and/or EPA and sunflower seed oils to a small extent instead of the high-fat diet.ResultsSignificantly decreased hepatic lipid deposition, body weight, serum lipid profile, inflammatory reactions, lipid peroxidation, and expression of adipogenesis-related proteins and inflammatory factors were observed for mice that were on a diet supplemented with DHA/EPA compared to those in the high-fat control group. The DHA/EPA 1:2 group showed lower serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, lower SREBP-1C, FAS, and ACC-1 relative mRNA expression, and higher Fra1 mRNA expression, with higher relative mRNA expression of enzymes such as AMPK, PPARα, and HSL observed in the DHA/EPA 1:1 group. Lower liver TC and TG levels and higher superoxide dismutase levels were found in the DHA/EPA 2:1 group. Nonetheless, no other notable effects were observed on the biomarkers mentioned above in the groups treated with DHA/EPA compared with the DHA group.ConclusionsThe results showed that supplementation with a lower DHA/EPA ratio seems to be more effective at alleviating high-fat diet-induced liver damage in mice, and a DHA/EPA ratio of 1:2 mitigated inflammatory risk factors. These effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on lipid metabolism may be linked to the upregulation of Fra1 and attenuated activity of c-Jun and c-Fos, thus ultimately reducing the severity of the lipid metabolism disorder and liver damage to some extent.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effects of various ratios of DHA/EPA supplementation on high-fat diet-induced liver damage in mice

et al. 2017

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“…Individual dietary fatty acids, essential or otherwise, may trigger differential responses in regulation of gene transcription (Coccia et al. ; Kjaer et al. ).…”

Section: Lessons Learned From Nutrient‐based Research In Fish Oil Spamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in Rainbow Trout, fatty acid catabolism for energy production appears to be stimulated by stearic acid (18:0), oleic acid (18:1[n‐9]), α‐linolenic acid (18:3[n‐3]), ARA, and DHA and appears to be inhibited by palmitic acid (16:0), linoleic acid (18:2[n‐6]), and EPA (Coccia et al. ). Consequently, catabolic processes and, in turn, retention and tissue deposition of n‐3 LC‐PUFAs can be modulated by manipulating the intake of these fatty acids in a species‐specific manner (Turchini et al.…”

Section: Lessons Learned From Nutrient‐based Research In Fish Oil Spamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Individual dietary fatty acids, essential or otherwise, may trigger differential responses in regulation of gene transcription (Coccia et al 2014;Kjaer et al 2016). For example, in Rainbow Trout, fatty acid catabolism for energy production appears to be stimulated by stearic acid (18:0), oleic acid (18:1[n-9]), α-linolenic acid (18:3[n-3]), ARA, and DHA and appears to be inhibited by palmitic acid (16:0), linoleic acid (18:2[n-6]), and EPA (Coccia et al 2014).…”

Section: Lessons Learned From Nutrient-based Research In Fish Oil Spamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thoughts for the Future of Aquaculture Nutrition: Realigning Perspectives to Reflect Contemporary Issues Related to Judicious Use of Marine Resources in Aquafeeds

Trushenski²,

2018

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In recent decades, aquaculture nutrition research has made major strides in identifying alternatives to the use of traditional marine‐origin resources. Feed manufacturers worldwide have used this information to replace increasing amounts of fish meal and fish oil in aquafeeds. However, reliance on marine resources remains an ongoing constraint, and the progress yielded by continued unidimensional research into alternative raw materials is becoming increasingly marginal. Feed formulation is not an exercise in identifying “substitutes” or “alternatives” but rather is a process of identifying different combinations of “complementary” raw materials—including fish meal, fish oil, and others—that collectively meet established nutrient requirements and other criteria for the aquafeed in question. Nutrient‐based formulation is the day‐to‐day reality of formulating industrially compounded aquafeeds, but this approach is less formally and explicitly addressed in aquaculture research and training programs. Here, we (re)introduce these topics and explore the reasons that marine‐origin ingredients have long been considered the “gold standards” of aquafeed formulation. We highlight a number of ways in which this approach is flawed and constrains innovation before delving into the need to assess raw materials based on their influence on aquafeed manufacturing techniques. We conclude with a brief commentary regarding the future funding and research landscape. Incremental progress may continue through the accumulation of small insights, but a more holistic research strategy—aligned with industry needs and focused on nutrient composition and ingredient complementarity—is what will spur future advancement in aquaculture nutrition.

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“…It is well documented in mammals that key regulators of desaturase gene expression are SREBP-1 gene products (SREBP-1a, SREBP-1c) and PPAR-α (Nakamura and Nara, 2002). As in mammals (Nakamura and Nara, 2002;Mullen et al, 2004), transcription of LC-PUFA biosynthesis genes in fish seems to be mediated by SREBP activation and PPAR-α (Geay et al, 2010;Kortner et al, 2012;Castro et al, 2014;Coccia et al, 2014). The effects of dietary fish oil replacement on hepatic gene expression in fish have been recently investigated (Panserat et al, 2008(Panserat et al, , 2009Morais et al, 2011).…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of alternate feeding with different lipid sources on fatty acid composition and bioconversion in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

et al. 2016

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Fatty Acid‐Specific Alterations in Leptin, PPARα, and CPT‐1 Gene Expression in the Rainbow Trout

Cited by 43 publications

References 62 publications

Protective effects of various ratios of DHA/EPA supplementation on high-fat diet-induced liver damage in mice

Protective effects of various ratios of DHA/EPA supplementation on high-fat diet-induced liver damage in mice

Thoughts for the Future of Aquaculture Nutrition: Realigning Perspectives to Reflect Contemporary Issues Related to Judicious Use of Marine Resources in Aquafeeds

Effects of alternate feeding with different lipid sources on fatty acid composition and bioconversion in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

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