Fatty acid status in infancy is associated with the risk of type 1 diabetes-associated autoimmunity

Niinistö, Sari; Takkinen, Hanna‐Mari; Erlund, Iris; Ahonen, Suvi; Toppari, Jorma; Ilonen, Jorma; Veijola, Riitta; Knip, Mikael; Vaarala, Outi; Virtanen, Suvi Μ.

doi:10.1007/s00125-017-4280-9

Cited by 59 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The consumption of infant formulas was not associated with the islet autoimmunity risk. This is in line with a previous observation that the amount of cows' milk consumed at the ages of 3 and 6 months (thus mostly infant formula) was not associated with the risk of islet autoimmunity (24) . However, in that previous study, infants' higher cows' milk consumption was associated with a higher risk of primary insulin autoimmunity, which may indicate that risk factors could vary depending on the type of islet autoimmunity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Consumption of differently processed milk products in infancy and early childhood and the risk of islet autoimmunity

et al. 2020

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Several prospective studies have shown an association between cows’ milk consumption and the risk of islet autoimmunity and/or type 1 diabetes. We wanted to study whether processing of milk plays a role. A population-based birth cohort of 6081 children with HLA-DQB1-conferred risk to type 1 diabetes was followed until the age of 15 years. We included 5545 children in the analyses. Food records were completed at the ages of 3 and 6 months and 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 years, and diabetes-associated autoantibodies were measured at 3–12-month intervals. For milk products in the food composition database, we used conventional and processing-based classifications. We analysed the data using a joint model for longitudinal and time-to-event data. By the age of 6 years, islet autoimmunity developed in 246 children. Consumption of all cows’ milk products together (energy-adjusted hazard ratio 1·06; 95 % CI 1·02, 1·11; P = 0·003), non-fermented milk products (1·06; 95 % CI 1·01, 1·10; P = 0·011) and fermented milk products (1·35; 95 % CI 1·10, 1·67; P = 0·005) was associated with an increased risk of islet autoimmunity. The early milk consumption was not associated with the risk beyond 6 years. We observed no clear differences based on milk homogenisation and heat treatment. Our results are consistent with the previous studies, which indicate that high milk consumption may cause islet autoimmunity in children at increased genetic risk. The study did not identify any specific type of milk processing that would clearly stand out as a sole risk factor apart from other milk products.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…We did not see this association in the present study. Previously high intake of breast milk has been associated with a decreased risk for primary insulin autoimmunity only (24) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption of differently processed milk products in infancy and early childhood and the risk of islet autoimmunity

et al. 2020

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“…Positive correlation with synovial fluid composition and inversed correlation with pain score [291] ↓ Incidence and improved prognosis [292][293][294][295][296] ↓ Duration of morning stiffness and ↓ number of tender and swollen joints [297] Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis ↑ Skeletal muscle growth and functions [298] Sjögren Syndrome ↓ Inflammation and ↑ barrier function in the salivary glands [299,300] Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ↓ Inflammatory mediators, leukocyte chemotaxis and adhesion molecules expression [301] Antiphospholipid Syndrome ↑ Endothelial function [302] Multiple Sclerosis ↑ M2-like macrophages shift, prevented de-myelinization, promoted neuroprotection and re-myelinization ↓ incidence [303][304][305][306] Type 1 Diabetes Protection against T1DM in infants, no protective effect in older children reported [307,308]…”

Section: Rheumatoid Arthritismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Immune dysfunction precedes the disease onset, and n-3 PUFAs may play a role in the development of healthy immune responses in the early months of life [341]. A case-control study by Niinisto et al showed that n-3 PUFAs are associated with a decreased risk of primary autoimmunity and can provide protection from T1DM in infants [307]. A study performed in older children reported that high n-3 PUFA intake is associated with a decreased risk of islet autoimmunity but is not associated with progression to T1DM [308].…”

Section: Type 1 Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Dietary Fatty Acids on Immune Responses

et al. 2019

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Diet-derived fatty acids (FAs) are essential sources of energy and fundamental structural components of cells. They also play important roles in the modulation of immune responses in health and disease. Saturated and unsaturated FAs influence the effector and regulatory functions of innate and adaptive immune cells by changing membrane composition and fluidity and by acting through specific receptors. Impaired balance of saturated/unsaturated FAs, as well as n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated FAs has significant consequences on immune system homeostasis, contributing to the development of many allergic, autoimmune, and metabolic diseases. In this paper, we discuss up-to-date knowledge and the clinical relevance of the influence of dietary FAs on the biology, homeostasis, and functions of epithelial cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, innate lymphoid cells, T cells and B cells. Additionally, we review the effects of dietary FAs on the pathogenesis of many diseases, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, food allergy, atopic dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis as well as type 1 and 2 diabetes.

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“…Higher levels of fish-derived fatty acids (EPA, DPA) in erythrocytes during infancy were also associated with lower risk of IA [72]. …”

Section: Results In Major Study Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) Study: 2018 Update

et al. 2018

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Purpose of Review The environmental triggers of islet autoimmunity leading to type 1 diabetes (T1D) need to be elucidated to inform primary prevention. The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) Study follows from birth 8676 children with T1D risk HLA-DR-DQ genotypes in the USA, Finland, Germany, and Sweden. Most study participants (89%) have no first-degree relative with T1D. The primary outcomes include the appearance of one or more persistent islet autoantibodies (islet autoimmunity, IA) and clinical T1D. Recent Findings As of February 28,2018, 769 children had developed IA and 310 have progressed to T1D. Secondary outcomes include celiac disease and autoimmune thyroid disease. While the follow-up continues, TEDDY has already evaluated a number of candidate environmental triggers, including infections, probiotics, micronutrient, and microbiome. Summary TEDDY results suggest that there are multiple pathways leading to the destruction of pancreatic beta-cells. Ongoing measurements of further specific exposures, gene variants, and gene-environment interactions and detailed “omics” studies will provide novel information on the pathogenesis of T1D.

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Fatty acid status in infancy is associated with the risk of type 1 diabetes-associated autoimmunity

Cited by 59 publications

References 45 publications

Consumption of differently processed milk products in infancy and early childhood and the risk of islet autoimmunity

Consumption of differently processed milk products in infancy and early childhood and the risk of islet autoimmunity

The Influence of Dietary Fatty Acids on Immune Responses

The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) Study: 2018 Update

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