Fatty acids and cardiovascular disease

Lecerf, Jean‐Michel

doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00194.x

Cited by 62 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 112 publications

(188 reference statements)

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“…These nutrient data suggest that it may be necessary to consider confounding factors from different types of fat when potential association of vitamin E forms with diseases is considered in epidemiological cohort and case/control studies. Considering that γT-rich diets often predominantly contain n-6 PUFA, plasma γT may be a marker of high PUFA intake which plays complicated roles in diseases [9]. In contrast, high αT may in part reflect favorable MUFA intake.…”

Section: Food Sources and Bioavailabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural forms of vitamin E: metabolism, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities and their role in disease prevention and therapy

Jiang

2014

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

737

579

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The Vitamin E family consists of four tocopherols and four tocotrienols. α-Tocopherol (αT) is the predominant form of vitamin E in tissues and its deficiency leads to ataxia in humans. However, results from many clinical studies do not support protective roles of αT in disease prevention in people with adequate nutrient status. On the other hand, recent mechanistic studies indicate that other forms of vitamin E such as γ-tocopherol (γT), δ-tocopherol (δT) and γ-tocotrienol (γTE) have unique antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that are superior to αT in prevention and therapy against chronic diseases. These vitamin E forms scavenge reactive nitrogen species, inhibit cyclooxygenase- and 5-lipoxygenase-catalyzed eicosanoids and suppress pro-inflammatory signaling such as NF-κB and STAT3/6. Unlike αT, other vitamin E forms are significantly metabolized to carboxychromanols via cytochrome P-450 (CYP4F2)-initiated side-chain ω-oxidation. Long-chain carboxychromanols, esp.13’-carboxychromanols, are shown to have stronger anti-inflammatory effects than un-metabolized vitamins and may therefore contribute to beneficial effects of vitamin E forms in vivo. Consistent with mechanistic findings, animal and human studies show that γT and tocotrienols may be useful against inflammation-associated diseases. This review focuses on non-αT forms of vitamin E with respect to their metabolism, anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms and in vivo efficacy in preclinical models as well as human clinical intervention studies.

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Section: Food Sources and Bioavailabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural forms of vitamin E: metabolism, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities and their role in disease prevention and therapy

Jiang

2014

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

737

579

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“…Dietary (n-6) and (n-3) fatty acids are important due to their essential roles in normal cell function and in influencing risk of several diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD) 4 and neurological and retinal disorders, which are of major public health importance (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). During development, docosahexaenoic acid [DHA, 22:6(n-3)] and arachidonic acid [ARA, 20:4(n-6)] are of further importance due to their accretion and essential function in the brain and retina and the roles of ARA and its metabolites in growth and maturation of multiple organs, including the immune system and gastrointestinal tract (10)(11)(12)(13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Arachidonic Acid to EPA and DHA Balance Is Increased among Canadian Pregnant Women with Low Fish Intake

Friesen

Innis

2009

The Journal of Nutrition

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Arachidonic [ARA, 20:4(n-6)], eicosapentaenoic [EPA, 20:5(n-3)], and docosahexaenoic acids [DHA, 22:6(n-3)] occur in the diet in animal tissue lipids, play important roles in human development and health, but have interactive and opposing functions. Meat and poultry have higher ARA and fish are richer in EPA and DHA. National databases were recently revised to include complete data on ARA in foods. We used a validated FFQ and the revised nutrient databases to quantify the distribution of ARA, EPA, and DHA intakes and balance for 204 healthy Canadian pregnant women. We focused on intake distributions because risk of adverse health effects increases at lower nutrient intakes. RBC fatty acids were analyzed concurrenly with dietary assessment. The distribution of ARA, EPA, and DHA intakes were skewed (P < 0.001), with a median (5-95th percentile) of 107 (41-225), 65 (10-228), and 105 (10-430) mg/d ARA, EPA, and DHA, respectively. Fish provided 66 and 76% of EPA and DHA, respectively, whereas eggs, poultry, and meats provided 81% of ARA. Women consuming <101 g fish/wk consumed less EPA and DHA and had markedly elevated median dietary ARA:EPA and ARA:DHA ratios and RBC lipid ARA:EPA + DHA ratios compared with women consuming >or=101 g fish/wk (P < 0.001). Relatively small increases in fish intake of 1-2 servings (25-50 g)/wk corrected the distorted dietary (n-6):(n-3) fatty acid balance among women consuming meats, but not fish. Median fish and DHA intakes below the recommended 1-2 servings/wk fish for pregnant women suggest major changes in the availability, cost, or acceptance of fish are needed.

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“…Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) are generally thought of as beneficial for health, especially when replacing carbohydrates and saturated fats in the diet (Lecerf 2009;Baum et al 2012;Gillingham et al 2011;Hu et al 1997). However, recent evidence suggests that there may be controversy regarding the n-7 family of MUFA, as recent reports have linked high levels of 16:1n-7 and 18:1n-7 to cardiovascular disease (Djousse et al 2012;Wu et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatic and plasma sex differences in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids are associated with differences in expression of elongase 6, but not stearoyl-CoA desaturase in Sprague–Dawley rats

2012

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Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) have been viewed as either beneficial or neutral with respect to health; however, recent evidence suggests that MUFA may be associated with obesity and cardiovascular disease. Sex differences in MUFA composition have been reported in both rats and humans, but the basis for this sexual dimorphism is unknown. In the current study, enzymes involved in MUFA biosynthesis are examined in rat and cell culture models. Male and female rats were maintained on an AIN-93G diet prior to killing at 14 weeks of age after an overnight fast. Concentrations of 16:0 (2,757 ± 616 vs. 3,515 ± 196 lg fatty acid/g liver in males), 18:1n-7 (293 ± 66 vs. 527 ± 49 lg/g) and 18:1n-9 (390 ± 80 vs. 546 ± 47 lg/g) were lower, and concentrations of 18:0 (5,943 ± 1,429 vs. 3,987 ± 325 lg/g) were higher in phospholipids in livers from female rats compared with males. Hepatic elongase 6 mRNA and protein were 5.9-and 2.0-fold higher, respectively, in females compared with males. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase expression did not differ. Specific hormonal effects were examined in HepG2 cells cultured with varying concentrations of 17b-estradiol, progesterone and testosterone (0, 10, 30 and 100 nM) for 72 h. Progesterone and 17b-estradiol treatments increased, while testosterone decreased, elongase 6 protein. Sex differences in MUFA composition were associated with increased expression of hepatic elongase 6 in females relative to male rats, which appears to be mediated by sex hormones based on observations of hormonal treatments of HepG2 cells.

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Fatty acids and cardiovascular disease

Cited by 62 publications

References 112 publications

Natural forms of vitamin E: metabolism, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities and their role in disease prevention and therapy

Natural forms of vitamin E: metabolism, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities and their role in disease prevention and therapy

Dietary Arachidonic Acid to EPA and DHA Balance Is Increased among Canadian Pregnant Women with Low Fish Intake

Hepatic and plasma sex differences in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids are associated with differences in expression of elongase 6, but not stearoyl-CoA desaturase in Sprague–Dawley rats

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