Fatty Acids and Other Compounds with Nematicidal Activity from Cultures of Basidiomycetes

Abstract

In a screening for nematicidal activities in cultures of Basidiomycetes, cultures of Pleurotus pulmonarius and Hericium coralloides exhibited toxic effects towards the saprophytic nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Subsequently S-coriolic acid (1), linoleic acid (2), p-anisaldehyde (3), p-anisyl alcohol (4), 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,2-propanediol (5), and 2-hydroxy-(4'-methoxy)-propiophenone (6) were isolated from submerged cultures of P. pulmonarius. All compounds showed nematicidal activities towards C. elegans. The most active compounds were 1 and 2 with LD50 values between 5 and 10 ppm. Compounds 1, 4, and 5 have not been previously isolated from higher fungi, 6 is a new natural product. From cultures of H. coralloides, which exhibited both repellant and nematicidal effects, a nematicidal fatty acid mixture was obtained, containing linoleic acid, oleic acid, and palmitic acid as its main components.

Metabolite analysis of endophytic fungi from cultivars of Zingiber officinale Rosc. identifies myriad of bioactive compounds including tyrosol

“…Fatty acids and their derivatives are major metabolites of many fungi including Basidiomycetes (Sumner 1973). They have been reported to possess antibacterial (Kabara et al 1972), antifungal (Walters et al 2004), antimalarial (Carballeira 2008), and antinematicidal activities (Stadler et al 1994). The underlying mechanism proposed for the bioactivity of fatty acids is their ability to disrupt cell membrane (Bergsson et al 2001).…”

“…GFM10 from Mahima and Fungal sp. GFV1 from Vellayanikkara variety were found to produce linoliec acid which has been reported to have excellent nematicidal activity (Stadler et al 1994). Linoliec acid is the most abundantly produced fatty acid by Basidiomycetes (Sumner 1973).…”

Allantofuranone, a new antifungal antibiotic from Allantophomopsis lycopodina IBWF58B-05A

“…The nematicidal activity was tested with Meloidogyne incognita and Caenorhabditis elegans as described earlier. 13 …”

Cylindrocyclin A, a New Cytotoxic Cyclopeptide from Cylindrocarpon sp.

“…Inhibition of growth of germinated seeds of Setaria italica and Lepidium sativum was tested as described by Anke et al [5]. Nematicidal activity was measured as described previously [6]. Colo-320 cells (DSMZ ACC 144, human colo adenocarcinoma), Jurkat cells (ATCC TIB 152, human acute T cell leukemia), L1210 (ATCC CCI 219), and HL-60 cells (DSMZ ACC 3, human promyelocytic leukemia) were grown in RPMI 1640 medium (GIBCO, BRL), MDA-MB-231 (ATCC HTB26) cells and MCF-7 cells in D-MEM medium (GIBCO, BRL).…”