Fatty acids composition of human milk fed to small for gestational age infants

Lubetzky, Ronit; Argov-Argaman, Nurit; Mimouni, Francis; Domany, Keren Armoni; Shiff, Yaffa Elbaum; Berkovitz, Zipi; Reifen, Ram; Mandel, Dror

doi:10.3109/14767058.2015.1114082

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…A high birth weight (BW) has been correlated with an increase in HM protein and fat content, while the levels of other nutritional components such as carbohydrates, seem not to be related to this factor. Armoni et al [ 139 ] and Lubetzky et al [ 140 ] did not detect significant differences in lipids and FAs in IUGR mothers’ HC. In a recent work published in 2017, an increased concentration of FAs (lauric, tridecanoic and iso-palmitic acids) were reported in HC from mothers delivering neonates with a BW lower than the 20th centile [ 128 , 139 , 140 ].…”

Section: Metabolomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Omics” in Human Colostrum and Mature Milk: Looking to Old Data with New Eyes

2017

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Human Milk (HM) is the best source for newborn nutrition until at least six months; it exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-infective functions, promotes immune system formation and supports organ development. Breastfeeding could also protect from obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, human colostrum (HC) presents a peculiar role in newborn support as a protective effect against allergic and chronic diseases, in addition to long-term metabolic benefits. In this review, we discuss the recent literature regarding “omics” technologies and growth factors (GF) in HC and the effects of pasteurization on its composition. Our aim was to provide new evidence in terms of transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and microbiomics, also in relation to maternal metabolic diseases and/or fetal anomalies and to underline the functions of GF. Since HC results are so precious, particularly for the vulnerable pre-terms category, we also discuss the importance of HM pasteurization to ensure donated HC even to neonates whose mothers are unable to provide. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review analyzing in detail the molecular pattern, microbiota, bioactive factors, and dynamic profile of HC, finding clinical correlations of such mediators with their possible in vivo effects and with the consequent impact on neonatal outcomes.

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Section: Metabolomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Omics” in Human Colostrum and Mature Milk: Looking to Old Data with New Eyes

2017

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“…Interestingly, the macronutrient milk composition differed considerably from reference ranges for term breastfed infants in this SGA case, despite other studies failing to show differences [11, 14–16]. This is likely due to a combination of sampling limitations that exist in previous literature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Animal studies have reported that infant growth restriction results in compromised maternal quantity and quality of milk [13]. This is in contrast to the few human studies that have reported no change in milk composition in cases of growth restriction [14–16]. These studies, however, used inappropriate sampling methods for fat analysis, collecting samples from one time point in the first 28 days post-partum, and did not consider the daily or monthly variation of fat [11, 17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breastfeeding a small for gestational age infant, complicated by maternal gestational diabetes: a case report

George

Wlodek

Geddes

2019

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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Background Small for gestational age (SGA) infants are those born small for their gestational age, with weight below the 10th percentile. Not only do SGA infants suffer growth issues after birth, they have elevated risk for the development of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases later in life. Current research has suggested that in cases of SGA infants, maternal milk and breastfeeding are not affected. Case summary The mother of an SGA infant was diagnosed with placental insufficiency and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) during her pregnancy. The infant was born term, at 38 weeks 3 days, and SGA. The mother had a low milk supply and her milk composition differed from reference values such that the daily infant intake provided less than 50% of the required energy intake at 3 months. Conclusion In cases of SGA and/or GDM, maternal milk quality and quantity may be compromised. This requires follow-up in order to reduce the disease risk for SGA infants and the corresponding public health implications.

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“… 20 Another study conducted with 60 puerperal women found no effect of fetal growth on the composition of milk fatty acids during the three phases of lactation, when controlled for gestational age. 21 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conteúdo De Gordura E Energia No Colostro: Efeito Da Idade Gestacional E Do Crescimento Fetal

Santiago

Júnior

Freitas

et al. 2018

Rev. paul. pediatr.

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Objective: To determine whether fat content and energy value change in colostrum according to gestational age and fetal growth.Methods: Cross-sectional study with mothers of preterm and term infants born in a tertiary center in 2015-2016. Inclusion criteria: single pregnancy, absence of diabetes, chorioamnionitis and mastitis, no use of illicit drugs or alcohol, without fetal congenital malformation or infection. Four groups were formed according to gestational age and fetal growth: preterm infants small for gestational age (PT-SGA; n=33) and appropriate for gestational age (PT-AGA; n=60), term infants small for gestational age (T-SGA; n=59) and appropriate for gestational age (T-AGA; control, n=73). Colostrum was collected between 24-72 hours postpartum. Gestational and birth variables were analyzed. Outcome variables were: fat content in colostrum (evaluated by crematocrit method) and estimated energy value. Chi-square or Fisher exact tests, ANOVA, and multivariable linear regression were used for comparison among groups. Results: Mean gestational age was 34 weeks in preterm infants and 39 weeks in term neonates. Crematocrit did not differ between groups, with mean values varying between 3.3 and 4.0%; estimated energy value was 52 to 56 kcal/dL. Crematocrit ≥4% was more frequent in the T-SGA group. Only in the PT-SGA group there was a correlation between crematocrit and body mass index of the mother.Conclusions: The fat content and energy value of colostrum did not change according to gestational age or fetal growth.

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Fatty acids composition of human milk fed to small for gestational age infants

Abstract: Fatty acid composition of human milk is not affected by whether or not the infant was fetal growth restricted. We suggest that mothers of SGA infants may be reassured about the fat quality of their milk.

Cited by 12 publications

References 18 publications

“Omics” in Human Colostrum and Mature Milk: Looking to Old Data with New Eyes

“Omics” in Human Colostrum and Mature Milk: Looking to Old Data with New Eyes

Breastfeeding a small for gestational age infant, complicated by maternal gestational diabetes: a case report

Conteúdo De Gordura E Energia No Colostro: Efeito Da Idade Gestacional E Do Crescimento Fetal

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