Fatty Acids of Extractable and Bound Lipids of Rhodomicrobium vannielii

Abstract

Cells of Rhodomicrobium vannielii grown at 29 C in a lactate-containing medium were extracted at room temperature with organic solvents. The extractable fraction contained the bulk of the simple lipid (1.87% of cell dry weight) and complex lipids (phospholipids, 4.2%; sulfolipid, 0.01%), coenzyme Q (0.09%), and pigments (carotenoids 1.2%; bacteriochlorophyll, 1.9%). The cell residue contained the bound lipids (nonpolar fatty acid fraction, 1.86%; polar hydroxy fatty acids, 0.49%). The residue also contained poly-(3-hydroxybutyric acid (0.2%), which was extracted in boiling chloroform. In both the simple and complex lipids, vaccenic acid (l-octadecenoic acid) was the largest single component (approximately 90% in each fraction). The fatty acids of the bound lipid contained 35% vaccenic acid, even-and odd-numbered saturated and unsaturated straight-chain fatty acids, cyclopropane-, branched-, and a-and (3-hydroxy fatty acids. The extractable lipids contained only straight-chain saturated and unsaturated even-numbered fatty acids. Nearly 60% of hydroxy fatty acid fraction was a-hydroxydodecanoic acid (24%) and ,B-hydroxydodecanoic acid (34.5%). Coenzyme Q was crystallized and identified as Qg on the basis of melting point and chromatographic properties. Qlo had been previously reported.

Change in quantity of lipids and cell size during intracytoplasmic membrane formation in Gluconobacter oxydans

“…The quantity found in G. oxydans compares favorably with that found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11) and Rhodomicrobium vanniellii (22), but most previous investigations of lipid quantity in gramnegative cells do not mention having determined the percentage of bound lipid (8,15,21,30,31). The present study and previous reports by others (11,22) suggest that bound lipid accounts for about 25% of the total lipid and 2% of the weight of exponentially growing, gram-negative cells. In contrast, the quantity of bound lipid in gram-positive cells usually forms a much greater proportion (17) or even the majority (14) of the total lipid of the cell.…”

Preliminary Analysis of Lipids and Fatty Acids of Green Bacteria and Chloroflexus aurantiacus

“…The fatty acids of the nonsulfur purple bacteria have been found to consist of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids as well as, in one species, hydroxy-fatty acids, cyclopropane group-containing fatty acids, and branchedchain fatty acids (8,21,24,30). The fatty acids of pure cultures of green bacteria have not been examined.…”

Decomposition of aquatic biota and sediment formation: bound lipids in algal detritus and lake sediments

“…The anfe/ja-branched Cu acid is a major component of bacterial fatty acids, which also contain i-Cu and both (-and ai-Cx^ ' (Kaneda, 1967). Hydrolysis of solvent-ex-' tracted bacterial cells is known to liberate additional amounts of fatty acids, including these branched-chain constituents (Park & Berger, 1967;Shaw, 1974).…”

“…However, cis 18:la;9 and cis 18ilw7 occurred in all samples, the latter being at least as abundant as the former. Palmitoleic acid (cis 16 : Icol) and oleic acid {cis 1 8 : Icj9) are dominant in plants and most algae (Erwin, 1973), but in bacteria vaccenic acid (CM-I8:1C*J7) is usually dominant (Park & Berger, 1967;Auran & Schmidt, 1972). The presence of vaccenic acid in the bound acids of algal detritus thus provides further evidence of a bacterial contribution to the bound lipids.…”