2003
DOI: 10.1007/s11745-003-1067-z
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Fatty acids, the immune response, and autoimmunity: A question of n−6 essentiality and the balance between n−6 and n−3

Abstract: The essentiality of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is described in relation to a thymus/thymocyte accretion of arachidonic acid (20:4n-6, AA) in early development, and the high requirement of lymphoid and other cells of the immune system for AA and linoleic acid (1 8:2n-6, LA) for membrane phospholipids. Low n-6 PUFA intakes enhance whereas high intakes decrease certain immune functions. Evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies for a role of AA metabolites in immune cell development and functions sho… Show more

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Cited by 278 publications
(181 citation statements)
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“…The ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acids has been proposed to alter neurogenesis by influencing membrane fluidity (Yehuda et al 1998) and/or the structure of membrane proteins (Bourre et al 1991). The omega-3:omega-6 ratio also modulates cytokine and neurotrophin levels (Harbige 2003), which in turn regulate neuronal proliferation and cell fate (Beck et al 2005). …”
Section: Dietmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acids has been proposed to alter neurogenesis by influencing membrane fluidity (Yehuda et al 1998) and/or the structure of membrane proteins (Bourre et al 1991). The omega-3:omega-6 ratio also modulates cytokine and neurotrophin levels (Harbige 2003), which in turn regulate neuronal proliferation and cell fate (Beck et al 2005). …”
Section: Dietmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…9,20) The decrease in AA content of immunocompetent cells is accompanied by reductions in the lymphocyte proliferative response, inflammatory cytokine production and NK cell activity. 11,21) Thus, in the olive oil-fed mice, the isolation stress-induced reduction in the lymphocyte proliferative response and IFN-secretion from lymphocytes may have been, at least partly, due to the decrease in AA content of the lymphocytes.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This has made it difficult to identify with certainty the effects of fatty acids on the immune response, although many effects of fatty acids have been reported upon specific components of the response. It is known that EFA deficiency impairs cellular aspects of the immune response (Harbige, 2003). Incorporation of certain fatty acids into immune cell membranes can affect membrane structure and function including raft formation and signalling processes leading to gene expression, and can alter the profile of lipid mediators being produced (Shaikh and Edidin, 2006;Yaqoob and Calder, 2007;Calder, 2008;Kim et al, 2010).…”
Section: Essential Fats For Future Immune Healthprofessor Philip Caldermentioning
confidence: 99%