Fatty fish consumption and risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults

Löfvenborg, Josefin E.; Andersson, Tomas; Carlsson, P-O; Dorkhan, Mozhgan; Groop, Leif; Martinell, Mats; Tuomi, Tiinamaija; Wolk, Alicja; Carlsson, Sofia

doi:10.1038/nutd.2014.36

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…What triggers autoimmunity besides genetic factors is not clear; Psychological stress has been linked to type 1 diabetes in children (Rewers and Ludvigsson, 2016) but no such association was seen with LADA (Rasouli et al, 2017b). In line with some findings regarding type 1 diabetes in children (Stene et al, 2003; Norris et al, 2007; Niinistö et al, 2017), fatty fish is associated with a reduced risk of LADA but unrelated to type 2 diabetes in the ESTRID Study (Löfvenborg et al, 2014). A beneficial effect could hypothetically be attributed to omega 3-fatty acids which are abundant in fatty fish and possessing anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties (Calder, 2013).…”

Section: Etiologysupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Results from ESTRID and HUNT studies. Estimates for low birth weight, sweetened beverages, coffee intake and fatty fish are based on data from the ESTRID Study (extracted from Löfvenborg et al, 2014, 2016; Hjort et al, 2015; Rasouli et al, 2018); estimates for BMI, smoking, physical activity and alcohol intake are based on pooled data from ESTRID and HUNT studies (extracted from Rasouli et al, 2013a,b, 2014, 2016; Hjort et al, 2018a,b); estimates for WHR is based on the HUNT Study (Hjort et al, 2018b).…”

Section: Etiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Etiology and Pathogenesis of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) Compared to Type 2 Diabetes

Carlsson

2019

Front. Physiol.

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As the heterogeneity of diabetes is becoming increasingly clear, opportunities arise for more accurate assessment of factors influencing disease onset, which may lead to more efficient primary prevention. LADA – latent autoimmune diabetes in adults – is a common, hybrid form of diabetes with features of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on the pathophysiological and etiological overlap and differences between LADA and type 2 diabetes, discuss similarities between LADA and type 1 diabetes and point at future research needs. Studies conducted to date show a clear genetic overlap between LADA and type 1 diabetes with a high risk conferred by variants in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region. In contrast, data from the limited number of studies on lifestyle factors available indicate that LADA may share several environmental risk factors with type 2 diabetes including overweight, physical inactivity, alcohol consumption (protective) and smoking. These factors are known to influence insulin sensitivity, suggesting that insulin resistance, in addition to insulin deficiency due to autoimmune destruction of the beta cells, may play a key role in the pathogenesis of LADA. Moreover, this implies that onset of LADA, similar to type 2 diabetes, to some extent could be prevented or postponed by lifestyle modification such as weight reduction and increased physical activity. The preventive potential of LADA is an important topic to elucidate in future studies, preferably intervention studies.

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Section: Etiologysupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Etiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Etiology and Pathogenesis of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) Compared to Type 2 Diabetes

Carlsson

2019

Front. Physiol.

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“…The suggested positive association between artificially sweetened beverages and diabetes risk remains to be further explored. This study supports the notion that dietary factors may influence LADA development (21,40,41). This is important as the identification of modifiable risk factors could aid in preventing autoimmune diabetes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Sweetened beverage intake and risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and type 2 diabetes

Löfvenborg

Andersson

Carlsson

et al. 2016

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: Sweetened beverage intake is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, but its association with autoimmune diabetes is unclear. We aimed to investigate sweetened beverage intake and risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA); autoimmune diabetes with features of type 2 diabetes. Design/methods: Data from a Swedish population-based study was used, including incident cases of LADA (n = 357) and type 2 diabetes (n = 1136) and randomly selected controls (n = 1371). Diabetes classification was based on onset age (≥35), glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (GADA) and C-peptide. Sweetened beverage intake information was derived from a validated food frequency questionnaire. ORs adjusted for age, sex, family history of diabetes, education, lifestyle, diet, energy intake and BMI were estimated using logistic regression. Results: Daily intake of >2 servings of sweetened beverages (consumed by 6% of participants) was associated with increased risk of LADA (OR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.11-3.56), and for each 200 mL daily serving, OR was 1.15 (95% CI: 1.02-1.29). Findings were similar for sugar-sweetened (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.00-1.39) and artificially sweetened beverages (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 0.95-1.32). Similarly, each daily serving increment in total sweetened beverage conferred 20% higher type 2 diabetes risk (95% CI: 1.07-1.34). In type 2 diabetes patients, high consumers displayed higher HOMA-IR levels (4.5 vs 3.5, P = 0.0002), but lower HOMA-B levels (55 vs 70, P = 0.0378) than non-consumers. Similar tendencies were seen in LADA. Conclusions: High intake of sweetened beverages was associated with increased risk of LADA. The observed relationship resembled that with type 2 diabetes, suggesting common pathways possibly involving insulin resistance.

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“…Through these properties it has been demonstrated that n-3 PUFA supplementation may help in the prevention or treatment of many inflammatory-related diseases such as diabetes [4], [5], [6] and cardiovascular disease [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13]. However, in recent years, the certainties of this assertion have been challenged by new discoveries [14], [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fit with good fat? The role of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on exercise performance

2017

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N-3 PUFA (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are a family of fatty acids mainly found in oily fish and fish oil supplements. The effects of n-3 PUFA on health are mainly derived from its anti-inflammatory proprieties and its influence on immune function. Lately an increased interest in n-3 PUFA supplementation has reached the world of sport nutrition, where the majority of athletes rely on nutrition strategies to improve their training and performance. A vast amount of attention is paid in increasing metabolic capacity, delaying the onset of fatigue, and improving muscle hypertrophy and neuromuscular function. Nutritional strategies are also frequently considered for enhancing recovery, improving immune function and decreasing oxidative stress. The current review of the literature shows that data regarding the effects of n-3PUFA supplementation are conflicting and we conclude that there is, therefore, not enough evidence supporting a beneficial role on the aforementioned aspects of exercise performance.

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Fatty fish consumption and risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults

Cited by 21 publications

References 29 publications

Etiology and Pathogenesis of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) Compared to Type 2 Diabetes

Etiology and Pathogenesis of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) Compared to Type 2 Diabetes

Sweetened beverage intake and risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and type 2 diabetes

Fit with good fat? The role of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on exercise performance

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