Fault analysis method of integrated high voltage direct current transmission lines for onshore wind farm

Abstract

Voltage source converter (VSC) based high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission is most suited for the wind farm as it allows flexibility for reactive power control in multi-terminal transmission lines and transmits low power over smaller distance. In this work, a novel method has been proposed to detect the fault, identify the section of faults and classify the pole of the fault in DC transmission lines fed from onshore wind farm. In the proposed scheme, voltage signal from rectifier end terminal is extracted with sampling frequency of 1 kHz given as input to the detection, classification and section discrimination module. In this work, severe AC faults are also considered for section discrimination. Proposed method uses fuzzy inference system (FIS) to carry out all relaying task. The reach setting of the relay is 99.9% of the transmission line. Besides, the protection covers and discriminates the grounding fault with fault resistance up to 300 X. Considering the results of the proposed method it can be used effectively in real power network.

MT–HVdc Systems Fault Classification and Location Methods Based on Traveling and Non-Traveling Waves—A Comprehensive Review

“…In the event of the dc fault, under voltages are observed [111,112] and if voltage drop below the threshold value, then fault is detected as shown in Figure 25. Tripping criterion is given as: In this method, setup for fault identification is made with multiple levels and deeper voltage depressions with shorter response time [110].…”

“…In the event of the dc fault, under voltages are observed [111,112] and if voltage drop below the threshold value, then fault is detected as shown in Figure 25. Tripping criterion is given as: (121) This method has a drawback that drop in the voltage is observed on all terminals associated with MT-HVdc link.…”

“…Therefore, it is not possible to discriminate between the healthy and faulty part of the grid. Additional work is required to carry out proper discrimination and distinction [111,112]. This method has a drawback that drop in the voltage is observed on all terminals associated with MT-HVdc link.…”

“…Initial TWs detected by the protection equipment installed at end terminals are backward TWs i.e., U Rb and U Ib . Later on, these backward TWs are reflected as forward TWs i.e., U R f and U I f [109][110][111][112]122].…”

Primary and backup fault detection techniques for multi‐terminal HVdc systems: a review

“…A qualitative understanding based on the output requirement used to design a fuzzy logic controller with less computation time and fewer memory requirements. Another fuzzy controller has been proposed in [102] to detect faults in transmission lines of the MTdc system, where a sampling frequency of 1 k Hz is used to extract voltage signal data across on‐shore converters terminals.…”