Fault and system stiffnesses and stick-slip phenomena

Goodman, Richard E.; Sundaram, P. N.

doi:10.1007/bf00876543

Cited by 21 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The stick-slip friction refers to a jerky motion along two contact surfaces, which is considered as a kind of friction instability [7]. Such a phenomenon is widely observed in seismic fault dynamics [8] and amorphous material deformation [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the tuned criticality in stick-slip friction during metal cutting

Wang

et al. 2015

Modelling Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng.

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Cutting is a ubiquitous process in nature and man-made systems. Here we demonstrate that, based on morphological patterns observed in experiments, the friction behaviour of metal cutting exhibits a criticality with cutting speed as a tuned parameter. The corresponding stick-slip events can be described by a power law distribution. A dynamic thermo-mechanical model is developed to investigate how such a tuned criticality occurs. It is shown that, in terms of the linear stability analysis, stick-slip friction is due to the thermo-mechanical instability and dynamical interaction between shear dissipation and nonlinear friction. Moreover, there is a secondary transition from a criticality state to a limit cycle that is dominated by the inertia effect, which is similar to the frequency lock phenomenon in a forced Duffing oscillator.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the tuned criticality in stick-slip friction during metal cutting

Wang

et al. 2015

Modelling Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng.

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“…Particularly, we infer that faults undergoing LWPs, that is, faults that experienced higher σ N than the σ N for reactivation, are more prone to slip seismically than faults undergoing LSPs. However, it is worth mentioning that seismic versus aseismic slip is ultimately controlled by the interplay between the unloading stiffness of the fault and the elastic properties of the surrounding (e.g., Goodman & Sundaram, 1978;Kanamori & Brodsky, 2004).…”

Section: Implications For Natural Faultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Loading Path on Fault Reactivation: A Laboratory Perspective

Giorgetti

Violay

2021

Geophysical Research Letters

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The loading path the fault experiences is often neglected when evaluating its potential for reactivation and the related seismic risk. However, stress history affects fault zone compaction and dilation, and thus its mechanics. Therefore, in incohesive fault cores that could dilate or compact, the role of the loading path could not be ruled out. Here we reproduce in the laboratory different tectonic loading paths for reverse (load-strengthening in the absence of significant fluid pressure increase) and normal gouge-bearing faults (load-weakening) to investigate the loading path influence on fault reactivation and seismic potential. We find that, before reactivation, experimental reverse faults undergo compaction, whereas experimental normal faults experience dilation. Additionally, when reactivated at comparable normal stress, normal faults are more prone to slip seismically than reverse faults. We infer that the higher mean stress normal faults experience compacts more efficiently the fault rock, increasing its stiffness and favoring seismic slip.Plain Language Summary Slip along pre-existing faults in the Earth's crust occurs whenever the shear stress resolved on the fault plane overcomes its frictional strength, potentially generating catastrophic earthquakes. The increase in the shear stress can follow different tectonic loading paths, and in particular, load-weakening versus. load-strengthening paths when it is coupled respectively to a decrease versus. an increase in the normal stress clamping the fault. The role of the loading path cannot be ruled out, especially in the presence of a thick, incohesive fault zone that can change its volume under different stress conditions. However, in most friction experiments, the fault is loaded under constant or increasing the normal stress, that is, load-strengthening. Here, we bridge the gap in laboratory loading paths simulating reactivation at the same normal stress clamping the fault but with different tectonic stress histories. Interestingly, our results suggest contrasting hydro-mechanical behavior for loadstrengthening versus. load-weakening path: (1) before reactivation, fault zone compaction versus. dilation and (2) when reactivated at comparable normal stress, stable creep versus seismic slip, respectively. Our study has only scratched the surface of the loading-path influence on thick fault stability and potential implications for fluid circulation in fault zones, stressing the importance of further investigating the loading path influence.

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“…It has long been recognized that the topographic characteristics of faulted surfaces hold profound implications for the mechanical behavior of the upper crust. Indeed, links between coseismic fault slip and fault surface roughness have been investigated over the past several decades using a combination of numerical, laboratory, and field-based studies (e.g., Brace and Byerlee, 1966;Goodman and Sundaram, 1978;Okubo and Dieterich, 1984;Power et al, 1987;Tullis, 1988;Mora and Place, 1999;Sagy et al, 2007;Bistacchi et al, 2011;Tal et al, 2018). Often a basic prerequisite of such studies is the characterization of asperities upon synthetic or geologic fault surfaces, either in outcrop or within a laboratory setting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of weathering upon the roughness characteristics of a splay of the active fault system responsible for the massive 2016 seismic sequence of the Central Apennines, Italy

Corradetti

Zambrano

Tavani³

et al. 2020

GSA Bulletin

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Fault roughness constitutes a key element in the understanding of earthquake nucleation, and surficial asperities on the fault plane play a critical role in slip dynamics and frictional behavior during the seismic cycle. Since it is not generally feasible to recover fault roughness profiles or maps directly at the seismogenic sources, faults at the Earth’s surface are typically used as analogues. However, these analogue fault surfaces are often subjected to weathering and erosion, which in turn, reduces their representativeness as seismogenic faults. Rupture along active faults episodically exposes “fresh” fault planes at the Earth’s surface, which represent the best available targets for the evaluation of fault roughness generated at seismogenic depths. Here we present a study conducted on a splay of the Mt. Vettore fault system in the Central Apennines, Italy, along a vertical transect that includes both a weathered and freshly exposed portion of the fault. The latter was exposed after the dramatic Mw 6.5 shock that hit the area on 30 October 2016. We have produced a highly detailed model (i.e., point cloud) of a section of the fault using structure from motion-multiview stereo photogrammetry to assess its roughness parameters (i.e., the Hurst fractal parameter) and to determine the extent to which these parameters are affected by weathering assuming that they had similar fractal characteristics when reaching the surface. Our results show that weathering can modify the value of the fractal parameters. In particular, by independently analyzing different patches of the fault, we have observed that the smoother and recently exposed portions have an average Hurst exponent of 0.52 while the average Hurst exponent of zones with more prolonged exposure times is 0.64. Accordingly, we conclude that by using high-resolution point clouds, it is possible to recognize patches of faults having a similar intensity of deterioration attributable to weathering.

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Fault and system stiffnesses and stick-slip phenomena

Cited by 21 publications

References 13 publications

Modelling the tuned criticality in stick-slip friction during metal cutting

Modelling the tuned criticality in stick-slip friction during metal cutting

The Influence of Loading Path on Fault Reactivation: A Laboratory Perspective

The impact of weathering upon the roughness characteristics of a splay of the active fault system responsible for the massive 2016 seismic sequence of the Central Apennines, Italy

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