Fault-Type Discrimination in HVDC Transmission Lines Using Rate of Change of Local Currents

Haleem, Naushath M.; Rajapakse, Athula D.

doi:10.1109/tpwrd.2019.2922944

Cited by 39 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The proposed algorithm in [24] calculates the ratios between the maximum rates of change of band-limited current measurements of different conductor pairs to indicate the type of fault. Based on the calculated ratios, five indices are defined to assist DC fault discrimination.…”

Section: Non-unit Protection Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voltage and Current Measuring Technologies for High Voltage Direct Current Supergrids: A Technology Review Identifying the Options for Protection, Fault Location and Automation Applications

et al. 2020

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After the occurrence of a DC-side feeder faults on HVDC transmission systems, protection and fault detection systems are anticipated to minimize their onerous effects, by initiating fault-clearing actions such as selective tripping of circuit breakers. Following the successful fault clearance, a subsequent action of significant importance, is the meticulous estimation of its location as a means to accelerate the line restoration, reduce down-time, limit recovery and repair costs, and hence elevate the overall availability and reliability of the transmission system. In order to capture DC-side fault transients for protection and fault location applications, measuring equipment is required to be placed on HVDC installations. This paper focuses primarily on reviewing the available technologies from the perspective of enabling protection, fault location and automation applications in HVDC systems. The review constitutes a mapping of protection and fault location functions, against the available voltage and current measuring technologies, ultimately unlocking insights for selecting measuring equipment based on the desirable characteristics of protection and fault location systems. The review also revealed that the frequency characteristics of each sensing scheme, primarily refers to the bandwidth of the primary sensor, whereas the overall bandwidth of the complete measuring scheme may be further restricted by the secondary converter and corresponding data acquisition system and signal processing electronics. It was also identified that the use of RC voltage dividers has prevailed for voltage measurements for HVDC applications, due to their superior advantages. The choice of a suitable device for current measurement, depends mainly on the fault detection method used and the frequency range it operates. In particular, the review revealed that fault detection and protection methods are mainly concentrated in a frequency spectrum ranging from a few kHz to 100 kHz, while fault location methods require measurements with a frequency range from 100 kHz up to 2 MHz.

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Section: Non-unit Protection Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voltage and Current Measuring Technologies for High Voltage Direct Current Supergrids: A Technology Review Identifying the Options for Protection, Fault Location and Automation Applications

et al. 2020

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“…A fault analysis method for double-circuit HVDC transmission lines has been suggested in [4] considering the linear combinations of four independent modal components based only on each single circuit using travelling-wave-based method. Rate of change of current measurements to identify the pole(s) has been suggested in [5] which identify the faulty pole within a 1-ms window. Transient energy ratio has been proposed for fault identification based on the impedance-frequency characteristic of the line boundary in [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Relaying Scheme Using Long Short Term Memory for Bipolar High Voltage Direct Current Transmission Lines

et al. 2021

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In this paper, a novel protection scheme is proposed for bipolar line commutated converter (LCC) high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission lines which detects the fault, identifies the pole of fault and estimates the location of fault. The scheme uses features extracted from rectifier end DC current and voltage signals. Long short term memory (LSTM) deep learning method has been designed as classifier as well as predictor for carrying out different protection tasks. Three modules have been designed namely LSTM-FD for fault detection, LSTM-FI for fault pole identification and LSTM-FL for fault location estimation. The extracted features are given as inputs to the specific protection module to carry out the tasks. All the protection modules have been tested varying fault type, location, resistance, smoothing reactors, noisy signals, etc. Sensitivity and reliability of the proposed protection scheme is 100% with all the tested fault cases. Error in location estimation is within 1% for all the tested fault cases. Advantage of the method is that it does not require communication link. Another advantage of the proposed method is that it can work with low sampling frequency. Yet another advantage of proposed method is that its reliability and sensitivity is very high, hence can be used as an alternative to travelling wave based protection schemes.

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“…Considering the fault identification schemes for multiterminal MMC-HVDC systems in the literature, travelling wave (TW) based localized methods are effective and hence, popular. The authors in [6] employ rate of change of local current, synonym of ROCOC. The authors in [7] take the rate of change of voltage (ROCOV) of the current limiting reactor (CLR) to identify the fault upon inception.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors in [7] take the rate of change of voltage (ROCOV) of the current limiting reactor (CLR) to identify the fault upon inception. However, high impedance faults (HIFs) and the presence of white gaussian noise (WGN) jeopardize the reliability of the schemes in [6]- [7]. The rate of change of ROCOV of the CLR has been taken as the decisive parameter by authors in [8] working on the problem of maloperation due to WGN.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the performance of such schemes is sensitive to fault type and fault resistance; at the same time the impact of noise [14] has also not been discussed in [10]- [12]. In addition, as pointed in [14], accurately distinguishing between external and internal faults is a problem unresolved with schemes proposed in [6]- [12]. Working on the aspect of selectivity for external and internal faults, the authors in [13] use frequency domain based ratio of transient voltages to distinguish between external and internal faults in the system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiterminal DC Fault Identification for MMC-HVDC Systems Based on Modal Analysis—A Localized Protection Scheme

Nougain

Mishra

Misyris

et al. 2021

IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Topics Power Electron.

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Fault-Type Discrimination in HVDC Transmission Lines Using Rate of Change of Local Currents

Cited by 39 publications

References 22 publications

Voltage and Current Measuring Technologies for High Voltage Direct Current Supergrids: A Technology Review Identifying the Options for Protection, Fault Location and Automation Applications

Voltage and Current Measuring Technologies for High Voltage Direct Current Supergrids: A Technology Review Identifying the Options for Protection, Fault Location and Automation Applications

A Novel Relaying Scheme Using Long Short Term Memory for Bipolar High Voltage Direct Current Transmission Lines

Multiterminal DC Fault Identification for MMC-HVDC Systems Based on Modal Analysis—A Localized Protection Scheme

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