Multiterminal DC Fault Identification for MMC-HVDC Systems Based on Modal Analysis—A Localized Protection Scheme

Considering that no current limiting inductances (CLIs) are installed at the end of the DC line in the flexible DC distribution grid, the protections relying on line boundary are no longer applicable. To overcome this problem, the paper proposes a single-ended protection method independent of line boundary. Firstly, the Peterson equivalent circuit is applied to analyze the amplitude-time ratio of initial voltage travelling wave (ARIVTW) under internal and external faults. Secondly, the fault direction criterion based on the fault component current and the fault type criterion based on the pole voltage are built. Subsequently, the fault identification criterion is constructed by using the ARIVTW, and the corresponding protection method is formed. Finally, the flexible DC distribution grid is built in PSCAD to verify the proposed method. The simulation results show that the method is robust to fault resistance and noise. Besides, the method realizes the protection of the whole line, which has good selectivity and engineering applicability.

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“…L dc (19) By conducting inverse Laplace transform and taking derivative on (19), the ARIVTW G ufex21 at R 21 is…”

Section: Characteristic Of Forward External Faultmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The filtering effect of CLI on transient voltage and current is applied in [17] and [18] to identify the fault. The mode-voltage of CLI is used as a fault identification criterion in [19]. However, the complex extraction algorithm has a negative influence on the practicability of the aforementioned methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A single‐ended protection method for flexible DC distribution grid

Wei

Zou

Zhang

et al. 2023

IET Generation Trans & Dist

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“…High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission systems are based on Current Source Converters (CSCs), also called Line Commutated Converters (LCC), and Voltage Source Converters (VSCs) (Liu et al, 2022). Although there has been an evolution in LCC converters to improve power quality, comparative studies have proven that VSC converters, especially the Modular Multilevel Converters (MMC) technology, present greater efficiency for AC grid interconnection purposes due to their modularity and scalability to meet any voltage level requirements, reduced voltage ratings and dV/dt stress of switches and capacitors, high efficiency, improved power quality for filter-free applications and inherent fault-tolerance capability to improve the performance of the MMC-based HVDC systems (Nougain et al, 2021;Zhang, Zou, et al, 2017). According to (Parker et al, 2017), the industry needs to get more experience with VSC-HVDC, especially when used in offshore wind power, as these systems can generate problems such as harmonics in the offshore grid, potentially due to interactions between the converter station and wind turbines and frequent interruptions.…”

Section: Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of Intelligent Fault-Tolerant Protection Scheme for Multi-terminal HVDC Grids

Rodino

Araújo

2023

UPjeng

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Due to the advancement of power electronics devices and control techniques, the modular multilevel converter (MMC) has become the most attractive converter for multiterminal direct current (MTDC) grids thanks to its most relevant features, such as modularity and scalability. Despite their advantages, conventional MMCs face a major challenge with: i) fault-tolerant operation strategy; i) energy losses in conversion; iii) lack of DC fault handling capability. This paper provides a systematic review to identify the gaps in the literature about Intelligent Fault-Tolerant Protection Schemes for multi-terminal HVDC grids. Through the bibliometric analysis, it was possible to identify topics still to be developed within the four main clusters (Offshore wind farms, Wind turbines, Voltage Source Converters, and Wind power). The research topic opens three research paths: the first is the analysis of failures in HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) grid equipment by the FDD (Fault Detection and Diagnosis) method; the second is failure analysis by the IFDD (Inverse Fault Detection and Diagnosis) method and the third is the possibility of interconnecting the different energy generation zones with different frequencies.

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“…In Fig. 1, various situations of fault contingency are simply diagrammed [13]. In general, any fault that occurs between the converter and the current limiting reactor rather than in the line is called an external fault.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, any fault that occurs between the converter and the current limiting reactor rather than in the line is called an external fault. Furthermore, based on the transmission direction, the fault is expressed as forward external fault (for example, converter station2 in the forward direction of the positive line) and backward external fault (for example, converter station1 in the reverse direction of the positive line) [13]. In the case of PTP fault, a short circuit is formed between the positive and negative lines or between the line and the case, creating a path for the fault current to flow in both lines [11], [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

4-Pole Hybrid HVDC Circuit Breaker for Pole-to-Pole (PTP) Fault Protection

et al. 2022

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Numerous problems have emerged with the development of HVDC transmission technology. One of them is the fault current that occurs when there is an issue in the line. In particular, in the case of a PTP (pole-to-pole) fault, a DCCB design suitable for the direction is required because the fault current flows through the positive and negative poles. In the case of PTP fault, a fault current of the same value occurs in the opposite direction, and in the case of DCCB, the breaking efficiency may be reduced or even impossible to break due to a mistake in the emission direction or a wrong design. In particular, when designing using several unidirectional DCCBs, it is cheaper and consumes less area than typical DCCBs, so it is economical, but this problem may be more prominent. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a 4-pole Hybrid HVDC circuit breaker to solve this problem. This circuit optimizes the DCCB internal components through quantitative analysis of the fault current to reduce the influence of the residual fault current as well as the previously most important parameter, Zero-Cross Time (ZCT). We also verified the circuit's energy dissipation process to increase reliability. The circuit in this paper is simulated based on the VSC-based HVDC transmission link. Physically analyze the derived results and described the circuit mechanism.INDEX TERMS DC circuit breaker, PTP fault, zero-crossing DCCB, DC transmission line, energy dissipation, hybrid DCCB, 230kV MMC-HVDC.

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Multiterminal DC Fault Identification for MMC-HVDC Systems Based on Modal Analysis—A Localized Protection Scheme

Cited by 13 publications

References 28 publications

A single‐ended protection method for flexible DC distribution grid

A single‐ended protection method for flexible DC distribution grid

A systematic review of Intelligent Fault-Tolerant Protection Scheme for Multi-terminal HVDC Grids

4-Pole Hybrid HVDC Circuit Breaker for Pole-to-Pole (PTP) Fault Protection

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