Faunal and Archaeological Remains as Evidence of Climate Change in Freezing Caverns, Yukon Territory, Canada

Lauriol, Bernard; Prévost, Clément; Deschamps, Eric Martin.; Cinq-Mars, Jacques; Labrecque, Sylvain

doi:10.14430/arctic772

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This condition is unfavourable for the conservation of diatoms, but favourable for the conservation of macro-remains, such as woods and bones, and for the preservation of a red line of anthropogenic origin in Tsi-tse-Han Cave (Lauriol et al, 2001). For the same reason, it is possible that during the Last Ice Age in southern Europe, the drawing and painting on the walls by prehistoric people were possible only in the inner parts of the caves: the zone near the entrance was probably too humid and covered by ice which prevented the display of artwork, as suggested by d 'Errico et al (2000).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The age, microclimate, macro-remains and cryogenic cave calcite deposits of the ice caves have been described in detail by Prévost (1992), Clark & Lauriol (1992) and Lauriol et al (1988Lauriol et al ( , 1995Lauriol et al ( , 2001. Figure 3 shows the temperature and relative humidity meas- ured in June 1990 in Grande Caverne.…”

Section: The Ice Caves (Grande Caverne Caverne'85 and Caverne Des Mémentioning

confidence: 87%

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The distribution of diatom flora in ice caves of the northern Yukon Territory, Canada: relationship to air circulation and freezing

Lauriol¹,

Prévost²,

Lacelle³

2006

IJS

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In the late 1980's and early 1990's, various media in karst environments in the Northern Yukon Territory were examined for their diatom content. Cryogenic cave calcite powders, grus and various ice formations (ice plugs, ice stalagmites and floor ice) were collected from three freezing caves and one slope cave to make an inventory of the diatom content, and to explain the spatial distribution of the diatoms within the caves. The results show that approximately 20% of diatoms in the caves originate from external biotopes and habitats (e.g., river, lake, stream), with the remaining 80% of local origin (i.e., from subaerial habitats near cave entrances). The results also indicate that the greater abundance of diatoms is found in the larger caves. This is explained by the fact that the air circulation dynamics are much more important in caves that have a larger entrance. Also grus, ice plugs and ice stalagmites have the lowest diatom diversity, but greater relative abundance, indicative of growth in specific habitats or under specific conditions. Overall, these results are a contribution to the study of particles transport in ice caves.Keywords: diatoms, ice cave, slope cave, freezing cave, cryogenic cave calcite, grus Abstract:

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Ice Caves (Grande Caverne Caverne'85 and Caverne Des Mémentioning

confidence: 87%

The distribution of diatom flora in ice caves of the northern Yukon Territory, Canada: relationship to air circulation and freezing

Lauriol¹,

Prévost²,

Lacelle³

2006

IJS

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“…Even the ice-plugs in the caves located near the Arctic Circle in Yukon territory were substantially smaller during the early Holocene than they are presently (Lauriol et al, 2001). On the other hand, distinct corrosion boundary below the LIA-ice implies that some ice survived the MWP, which is also the case in many European and American caves (Achleitner, 1995;Wilson, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The First Dating of Cave Ice from the Tatra Mountains, Poland and its Implication to Palaeoclimate Reconstructions

Hercman¹,

Gąsiorowski²,

Gradziński³

et al. 2010

Geochronometria

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Lodowa Cave in Ciemniak, which belongs to the dynamic ice cave type, contains the biggest perennial block of cave-ice in the Tatra Mountains. The ice represents congelation type, since it originates from freezing of water which infiltrates the cave. Two generations of ice have been recognized in this cave. They are divided by the distinct unconformity. The ice building both generations is layered. Two moths which were found in the younger generations were sampled and dated by 14 C method yielding 195 ± 30 and 125 ± 30 years. Bearing in mind the position in the section and the fact that the cave ice has waned since the 20s of the last century, the age is 1720-1820 AD and 1660-1790 AD respectively. It proves that the ice was formed during the Little Ice Age. Hence, the erosion boundary which underlies this generation records the degradation of ice before the Little Ice Age most probably during the Medieval Warm Period. The ice volume in the cave was substantially smaller before the Little Ice Age than it is today, despite the clear tendency to melting, which has been recognized since 20s of the last century. The older generation of ice is supposed to have its origins in a cold stage between the Atlantic period and the Medieval Warm Period.

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“…(Ford and Williams, 1989, pp. 489-496;Schroeder, 1979;Juday, 1989;Dixon et al, 1997;Lauriol et al, 2001). Speleogenesis in this climatic zone is enigmatic, as water circulation is restricted to the seasonally active layer, to deep zones beneath the permafrost, or through taliks of various kinds.…”

Section: Speleology In the High Arcticmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tsi-tche-Han cave in the Yukons appears to penetrate 40 m horizontally from the outer portal, and 27 m from the first constriction (Lauriol et al, 2001), Icedam Cave, Alaska penetrates 20+ m (Juday, 1989). Maximum depth of exploration in Yukon is 100 m horizontally and 50 m vertically (B.…”

Section: Stein-erik Lauritzenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caves and speleogenesis at Blomstrandsøya, Kongsfjord, W. Spitsbergen

Lauritzen¹

2006

IJS

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Blomstrandsøya, at Kongsfjord (78 57'N), Spitsbergen, is within the high arctic, a completely permafrozen zone. The bedrock consists of Paleozoic marbles and has yielded a surprising amount of karst features. Early phases of hydrothermal, possibly Caledonian, speleogenesis and subsequent Devonian karstification with redbed deposits is well documented. 62 active seacaves, and more than 30 relict karst caves were found in the coastal cliffs and in escarpment faces around the island. All caves have very limited extent; they are either quite short, like most of the active sea caves, or they are soon choked by frozen sediments and ground ice after a few meters. The deepest penetration was some 34 m into the surface cliff. Many of the relict caves are scalloped and display welldefined paragenetic wall and ceiling half-tubes, implying that they are indeed conduits, leading further into the rock mass, beyond their present permafrozen terminations. Most of the speleogenetic volume of the relict caves is ascribed to sub-glacial conditions during stadials, when the site was covered beneath thick ice sheets. In many cases, the present caves were formed by reactivation of pre-existing paleokarst voids. Due to the present intense gelifraction and erosion in the littoral zone, and the relatively constant sea level during the past 9.5 kyr, most of the volume of the sea caves can be explained by processes acting during the Holocene. Keywords SPELEOLOGY IN THE HIGH ARCTICAlthough there is a prolific literature on speleogenesis in alpine settings, relatively little is published on cave descriptions or speleogenetic studies in high arctic, permafrozen areas e

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Faunal and Archaeological Remains as Evidence of Climate Change in Freezing Caverns, Yukon Territory, Canada

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

The distribution of diatom flora in ice caves of the northern Yukon Territory, Canada: relationship to air circulation and freezing

The distribution of diatom flora in ice caves of the northern Yukon Territory, Canada: relationship to air circulation and freezing

The First Dating of Cave Ice from the Tatra Mountains, Poland and its Implication to Palaeoclimate Reconstructions

Caves and speleogenesis at Blomstrandsøya, Kongsfjord, W. Spitsbergen

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