A rich sedimentary deposit reaches a depth of more than 4 m in a cave located on the Eardley Escarpment in the Gatineau Park. Analysis shows that the infilling started during the last Ice Age. Following the deglaciation and the Champlain Sea retreat, terrestrial sedimentation began. Radiocarbon dating of wood charcoal indicates that around 9200 ± 110 years BP trees and shrubs were starting to grow on the Eardley Escarpment. A fauna, with boreal affinity, including the Ungava collared lemming (Dicrostonyx hudsonius), was living in vegetation dominated by jack pine. After 8170 ± 60 years BP, the boreal forest was replaced by a mixed forest dominated by white pine, oak, and red maple. The faunal assemblage was enriched at that time by woodland vole (Microtus pinetorum) and Strobilops aenea, a terrestrial mollusk. These two species are presently living in the Carolinian Life Zone south of the Great Lakes. By around 5742 ± 120 years BP these two species had left the site, and the modern fauna was established with mammals, such as the black bear and the white-tailed deer. Holocene infilling of the cave was gravity driven and unassisted, except for an episode just before 8170 ± 60 years BP when a sand layer was deposited by water coming from the surface.Résumé : Une riche séquence sédimentaire de 4 m d'épaisseur est présente dans une caverne située sur l'Escarpement d'Eardley, dans le Parc de la Gatineau. Son étude montre que la sédimentation terrestre continentale a commencé après la déglaciation et le retrait de la mer de Champlain. D'après l'analyse des charbons de bois, les arbres et les arbustes poussaient sur l'Escarpement d'Eardley vers 9200 ± 110 années BP. Une faune, avec des affinités boréales, incluant le lemming d'Ungava (Dicrostonyx hudsonius), vivait dans cette végétation dominée par le pin. Après 8170 ± 60 années BP la forêt boréale a été remplacée par une forêt mixte dominée par le pin blanc, le chêne et l'érable à sucre. L'assemblage faunistique a été enrichi en même temps par un mammifère, le campagnol sylvestre (Microtus pinetorum) et un mollusque terrestre: Strobilops aenea. Ces deux espèces vivent actuellement dans la Zone Carolinienne localisée au sud des Grands Lacs. Vers 5742 ± 120 années BP, elles ont disparu du site et la faune moderne s'est établie, avec notamment des espèces comme l'ours noir et le chevreuil de Virginie. La sédimentation a été de type gravitaire, pendant tout l'Holocène sauf un peu avant 8170 ± 60 années BP, où un ruissellement venant de la surface a mis en place une couche de sable.Lauriol et al. 803
Animal and plant remains, some associated with prehistoric artefacts, were collected in freezing caverns (glacières) of northern Yukon Territory. Radiocarbon dates show that the oldest remains are Middle Wisconsinan (ca. 38 000 BP). The absence of material of Late Wisconsinan age likely indicates that the caves were infilled by ice during this cold period. Climate warming and ice melting during the Holocene allowed animals and prehistoric hunters to regularly visit these caves. Ice plugs were evidently smaller during the early Holocene than they are now.
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