Fear and anxiety while driving: Differential impact of task demands, speed and motivation

Schmidt-Daffy, Martin

doi:10.1016/j.trf.2012.07.002

Cited by 75 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This could suggest that fear of physical danger within the driving environment could thus be predicted by the degree to which a driver is involved in a situation that increase the likelihood of injury or death. This has been acknowledged within the driving research, where it is claimed that fear can depend on external demands (Schmidt-Daffy, 2012;Schmidt-Daffy, 2013). Thus by worsening visibility in fixed-speed computer-based drives, feelings of threat and skin conductance responses can increase (Schmidt-Daffy, 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…This has been acknowledged within the driving research, where it is claimed that fear can depend on external demands (Schmidt-Daffy, 2012;Schmidt-Daffy, 2013). Thus by worsening visibility in fixed-speed computer-based drives, feelings of threat and skin conductance responses can increase (Schmidt-Daffy, 2013).This concern about the distinction between fear and anxiety has been made apparent with the driving literature (Taylor, Deane & Podd, 2008), and research has suggested within the driving context that people perceive driving anxiety and driving fear as similar concepts (Taylor & Paki, 2008). Yet the differences between the two are important for two reasons.…”

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confidence: 97%

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Are anxiety and fear separable emotions in driving? A laboratory study of behavioural and physiological responses to different driving environments

Barnard

Chapman

2016

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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(2016) Are anxiety and fear separable emotions in driving?: laboratory study of behavioural and physiological responses to different driving environments. Accident, Analysis and Prevention, Access from the University of Nottingham repository: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/46799/1/Barnard%20and%20Chapman%202016%20for %20eprints.pdf Copyright and reuse:The Nottingham ePrints service makes this work by researchers of the University of Nottingham available open access under the following conditions. This article is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives licence and may be reused according to the conditions of the licence. For more details see: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. 1 Are Anxiety and Fear Separable Emotions in Driving? A Laboratory Study of Behavioural and Physiological Responses to Different Driving Environments.Barnard, M.P*., & Chapman, P. School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom AbstractResearch into anxiety and driving has indicated that those higher in anxiety are potentially more dangerous on the roads. However, simulator findings suggest that conclusions are mixed at best. It is possible that anxiety is becoming confused with fear, which has a focus on more clearly defined sources of threat from the environment, as opposed to the internal, thought-related process associated with anxiety. This research aimed to measure feelings of fear, as well as physiological and attentional reactions to increasing levels of accident risk.Trait anxiety was also measured to see if it interacted with levels of risk or its associated reactions. Participants watched videos of driving scenarios with varying levels of accident risk and had to rate how much fear they would feel if they were the driver of the car, whilst skin conductance, heart rate, and eye movements were recorded. Analysis of the data suggested that perceptions of fear increased with increasing levels of accident risk, and skin conductance reflected this pattern. Eye movements, when considered alongside reaction times, indicated different patterns of performance according to different dangerous situations.These effects were independent of trait anxiety, which was only associated with higher rates of disliking driving and use of maladaptive coping mechanisms on questionnaires. It is concluded that these results could provide useful evidence in support for training-based programs; it may also be beneficial to study trait anxiety within a more immersive driving environment and on a larger scale. 2Keywords: anxiety, fear, emotion, environmental arousal, somatic marker. IntroductionIt has become increasingly apparent in recent studies ...

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confidence: 94%

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confidence: 97%

Are anxiety and fear separable emotions in driving? A laboratory study of behavioural and physiological responses to different driving environments

Barnard

Chapman

2016

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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“…We can find similar results in many previous studies [ 71 , 72 ]. It is generally accepted that fear increase the driver’s risk perception [ 73 ], and the drivers prefer to choose the driving pattern with low risk [ 74 ]. Figure 16 b shows the change rates of the driving intention probability between anxiety and natural state.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A probabilistic variation, similar to that of fear, appeared in helplessness, while the intention probability distribution changed to a lower degree under the helplessness emotion. Helplessness was proven to be an emotion similar to fear [ 73 ]. Figure 17 b shows the change rates of the driving intention probability between the driver’s contempt emotional state and the natural state.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Driving Intention Transitions Caused by Driver’s Emotion Evolutions

Liu

Wang

2020

IJERPH

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Joining worldwide efforts to understand the relationship between driving emotion and behavior, the current study aimed at examining the influence of emotions on driving intention transition. In Study 1, taking a car-following scene as an example, we designed the driving experiments to obtain the driving data in drivers’ natural states, and a driving intention prediction model was constructed based on the HMM. Then, we analyzed the probability distribution and transition probability of driving intentions. In Study 2, we designed a series of emotion-induction experiments for eight typical driving emotions, and the drivers with induced emotion participated in the driving experiments similar to Study 1. Then, we obtained the driving data of the drivers in eight typical emotional states, and the driving intention prediction models adapted to the driver’s different emotional states were constructed based on the HMM severally. Finally, we analyzed the probabilistic differences of driving intention in divers’ natural states and different emotional states, and the findings showed the changing law of driving intention probability distribution and transfer probability caused by emotion evolution. The findings of this study can promote the development of driving behavior prediction technology and an active safety early warning system.

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“…Based on appraisal theory, it was predicted that the combination of three appraisal components (goal congruence, blame, and threat) affected the occurrence of anger, anxiety, and happiness. Schmidt-Daffy [15] concluded that cautious driving behaviour could be guided either by fear or anxiety. In Nesbit and Conger's [16] study results suggested that higher aggression drivers demonstrate a different pattern of affective experience, problematic cognitive tendencies, and subsequent negative outcomes in comparison to those reporting lower levels of aggression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Feature Extraction Method of Driver's Propensity under Complicated Vehicle Group

Wang

Zhang

Ban

et al. 2013

Advances in Mechanical Engineering

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The effect of driver's physiological and psychological characteristics on traffic safety is represented mainly as driver's propensity. Previous researches focus mostly on psychology test and its influence on traffic safety from relative static and macroscopic perspective. However, in the field of vehicle active safety, there are few studies on driver's affective measurement and computing from microcosmic and dynamic perspective, and previous researchers did not consider the influence of environment. The emphasis is about situation factors which directly influence driver's affection in all environment factors under two-lane condition. Various experiments are designed to collect driver's microdynamic information, and characteristics of driver's propensity toward different environments are extracted using genetic simulated annealing algorithm. Results show that the method can provide a basis to establish dynamic recognition model of driver's propensity further which is adapted to multilane environment.

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Fear and anxiety while driving: Differential impact of task demands, speed and motivation

Cited by 75 publications

References 25 publications

Are anxiety and fear separable emotions in driving? A laboratory study of behavioural and physiological responses to different driving environments

Are anxiety and fear separable emotions in driving? A laboratory study of behavioural and physiological responses to different driving environments

Differences in Driving Intention Transitions Caused by Driver’s Emotion Evolutions

Dynamic Feature Extraction Method of Driver's Propensity under Complicated Vehicle Group

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