Fear of crime and health in residential tower blocks: A case study in Liverpool, UK

Green, Geoff; Gilbertson, Janet; Grimsley, Michael

doi:10.1093/eurpub/12.1.10

Cited by 91 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Not only does this study provide evidence in the health literature of whether neighborhood environment matters, 20,21 but also advances the literature by demonstrating how the neighborhood social environment affects individual health status. While associations between crime rates and mental health have been found, 44,45 we did not find a direct association with self-rated health. By expanding the institutional performance model, we argue that an individuals' residential environment is relevant in their personal evaluation of their self-rated health.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 90%

Individual Health Care System Distrust and Neighborhood Social Environment: How Are They Jointly Associated with Self-rated Health?

2011

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Americans' distrust in the health care system has increased in the past decades; however, little research has explored the impact of distrust on self-rated health and even less is known about whether neighborhood social environment plays a role in understanding the relationship between distrust and self-rated health. This study fills these gaps by investigating both the direct and moderating associations of neighborhood social environment with self-rated health. Our analysis is based on the 2008 Philadelphia Health Management Corporation's household survey and neighborhood-level data. Findings from multilevel logistic regression show that after controlling for individual-and neighborhood-level covariates, distrust is directly and adversely related to self-rated health, and that neighborhood social affluence and stability are directly and negatively associated with the odds of reporting poor/fair health. Neighborhood disadvantage and crime rates are not directly related to self-rated health, but increase the odds of having poor/fair health via distrust. Overall, our results suggest that macro-level actions can alter individual's perception of residential environment and lead to improved health. To improve the public health in an urban setting, rebuilding confidence in the health care system is integral, and the policies that help establish safe and cohesive neighborhoods may reduce the adverse effect of distrust on self-rated health.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 90%

Individual Health Care System Distrust and Neighborhood Social Environment: How Are They Jointly Associated with Self-rated Health?

2011

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“…Previous research on crime and health has found crime to be positively related to a variety of health outcomes including selfassessed health, 37-39 physical functioning, 39 coronary heart disease, 40 adherence to inhaled glucocorticoids, 41 health-related quality of life, 42 and adverse birth events. 43 Though of growing interest, prior research is inconsistent regarding the association between crime or perceptions of crime and the likelihood of engaging in physical activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Mammography Facility Locations and Stage of Breast Cancer at Diagnosis in Chicago

et al. 2008

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In the United States, despite substantial investment in public health initiatives to promote early detection of breast cancer through screening mammography, the proportion of female breast cancers that have advanced beyond the localized stage by the time of diagnosis remains high. Our objective in this exploratory study was to investigate whether stage of breast cancer at diagnosis among Chicago residents is associated with characteristics of the neighborhoods in which proximate mammography facilities are located. Those characteristics may influence likelihood of utilizing the service routinely and partly explain differences in stage at diagnosis. We used a retrospective cohort design and combined 3 years of data from the Illinois State Cancer Registry (ISCR) with information on locations of mammography facilities, public transportation service, crime, and area demographic and economic characteristics. Using a Geographic Information System (GIS), we identified the five facilities located nearest to each case's residence. Estimates of the association between characteristics of mammography facility locations and breast cancer stage at diagnosis were obtained using the partial proportional odds regression model. We found that the number of homicides in areas in which the nearest mammography facilities were located was associated with increased odds of later stage diagnosis. This effect was independent of age, race, and residential area education and income. We found no effect on stage of distance, public transportation service, or measures of neighborhood social similarity. The "spatial dynamics" of health may involve geographies beyond the immediate neighborhood. The results of our study suggest that areas in which the nearest mammography facilities are located may be one such geography. We hope that this study will spark research interest in the impact of health service locations on utilization.

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“…Moreover, low income neighborhoods are generally perceived as less cohesive (Cagney, Browning, & Wen, 2005). Neighborhoods that are less cohesive are often, in turn, less safe (e.g., Greene, Gilbertson, & Grimsley, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among these respondents, people were more likely to report poorer physical and emotional health if they perceive their neighborhoods as unsafe. However, safety concerns are 11 significantly lower among individuals who report higher perceptions of neighborhood cohesion (Greene, Gilbertson, & Grimsley, 2002). In Wales, individuals' greater perceived neighborhood cohesion is directly related to better mental health and buffers the effect of deprivation on health (Fone, Dunstan, Lloyd, Williams, Watkins, & Palmer, 2007).…”

Section: Neighborhood Cohesion and Healthmentioning

confidence: 95%

Neighborhoods and Health

Kawachi

Berkman

2003

683

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Do places make a difference to people's health and well-being? This book demonstrates how the physical and social characteristics of a neighborhood can shape the health of its residents. Researchers have long suspected that where one lives makes a difference to health in addition to who one is. Almost everyone understands that smoking, unhealthy eating, lack of exercise can compromise longevity and good health, but can a person's ability to maintain a healthy lifestyle be affected by the smoking habits of other people close by, or access to grocery stores, or the existence of safe parks and recreational space? The answers to this question and other similar ones require new ways of thinking about the determinants of health as well as new analytical methods to test these ideas. This book brings together these ideas and new methods. The book contains various parts. The first part deals with methodological complexities of undertaking neighborhood research. The second part showcases the empirical evidence linking neighborhood conditions to health outcomes. The last part tackles some of the major cross-cutting themes in contemporary neighborhood research.

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Fear of crime and health in residential tower blocks: A case study in Liverpool, UK

Abstract: The evidence suggests elderly residents believe tower blocks provide safe accommodation. However, feelings of safety in these 'fortresses' do not generally extend to walking in neighbouring streets. Fear of crime erodes quality of life and is associated with poorer health.

Cited by 91 publications

References 11 publications

Individual Health Care System Distrust and Neighborhood Social Environment: How Are They Jointly Associated with Self-rated Health?

Individual Health Care System Distrust and Neighborhood Social Environment: How Are They Jointly Associated with Self-rated Health?

Characteristics of Mammography Facility Locations and Stage of Breast Cancer at Diagnosis in Chicago

Neighborhoods and Health

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