Fear reduction in the rat following central cholinergic blockade.

Plotnik, Rod; Mollenauer, Sandra; Snyder, Elaine

doi:10.1037/h0037651

Cited by 32 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…It was possible, however, to demonstrate the defensive nature of the response in rats and a number of autonomic changes. This interpretation is consistent with earlier findings that the centrally acting muscarinic antagonist, scopolamine, decreased defensive freezing in response to the presence of a cat and increased the number of approaches to the cat (Plotnik et al, 1974). However, results of later studies have demonstrated that intrahypothalamic injections of carbachol or physostigmine in rats have increased the shockinduced defensive fighting, while injection of scopolamine reduced this fighting ( Bell and Brown, 1980 ).…”

Section: Quantitative Mapping Studies Of Cholinergically-inducesupporting

confidence: 91%

Medial cholinoceptive vocalization strip in the cat and rat brains: initiation of defensive vocalizations

Brudzyński¹

2010

Handbook of Behavioral Neuroscience

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Section: Quantitative Mapping Studies Of Cholinergically-inducesupporting

confidence: 91%

Medial cholinoceptive vocalization strip in the cat and rat brains: initiation of defensive vocalizations

Brudzyński¹

2010

Handbook of Behavioral Neuroscience

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“…Injections were adm inistered as previously described 60 min before the passive avoidance test. The procedure for passive avoidance was similar to that used previously (Mollenauer et al, 1974). An animal was first placed in the dimly lit apparatus and given a 21h-min habituation period, during which no shock was applied to the grid floor.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of scopolamine on smell discrimination in the rat

1976

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Earlier work suggested that scopolamine might cause a blockade of olfactory perception. Rats were trained to perform a smell-discrimination and head-poke response for food reinforcement. Following treatment with saline or scopolamine (SeOl, rats were retested on these two tasks as well as on passive avoidance. Scopolamine significantly impaired passive avoidance and head-poke responding. Scopolamine also caused a delay in the onset of discrimination performance. There was a significant disruption of smell discrimination on early trials, during which seo rats failed to execute choices, whether correct or incorrect. However, when seo rats began to execute choices, their choices were correct. They showed a significant improvement over trials and maintained near-perfect discrimination on the second half of the test. The results of the smell-discrimination test indicate that scopolamine did not cause a complete blockade of olfactory perception. The results of the head-poke test suggest that scopolamine might increase vibrissae sensitivity.

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“…Thus, drugs that reduce central cholinergic activity might be expected to have the opposite effect; in other words, an anticholinergic drug might be expected to increase feeding behavior. In previous research with the anticholinergic drug, scopolamine, we found that scopolamine increased feeding behavior in the presence of an unconditioned aversive stimulus, but not in a free feeding situation (Plotnik, Mollenauer, & Snyder, 1974). One possible interpretation of the previous results is that the anticholinergic drug acted upon neural circuits mediating food-reinforced behavior.…”

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confidence: 74%

Scopolamine and food-reinforced behavior in the rat

1976

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Male hooded rats were food-deprived and trained to barpress on a fixed ratio schedule in which every 25th bar press was reinforced (FR25) with liquid food. Three 5-min nonreinforced (SA) periods were imposed at the beginning, middle, and end of the session. Under the anticholinergic drug, scopolamine, the rate of barpressing ~d not differ ~ignificantly f~om con.trol, but t~ere w.as a significant delay in the onset of barpressmg. Scopolamme-treated ammals dId not receIve remforcement until well into the FR25 period. The peripheral control drug, methyl scopolamine, did not cause a delay in the onset of barpressing. In addition, scopolamine, but not methyl scopolamine, caused a change in the topography of FR performance; the pauses typical of FR performance were frequently omitted or delayed. Finally, scopolamine, but not methyl scopolamine, caused a significant increase in the rate of barpressing during the second and third SA periods.

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Fear reduction in the rat following central cholinergic blockade.

Cited by 32 publications

References 20 publications

Medial cholinoceptive vocalization strip in the cat and rat brains: initiation of defensive vocalizations

Medial cholinoceptive vocalization strip in the cat and rat brains: initiation of defensive vocalizations

Effects of scopolamine on smell discrimination in the rat

Scopolamine and food-reinforced behavior in the rat

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