“…ISA whilst technically feasible, are awaiting the right policy and practical implementation context, which understanding the impacts may help to deliver. The areas focused on in the study were: the data centre energy emissions, the embedded emissions of the road-side infrastructure, vehicle tailpipe Ran et al (1997) 3 Germany/Japan (Baum et al, 1999;Baum and Geissler, 2000) Advanced driver assisted systems Norway Shibata (1992) 5 UK/USA (Jeffery, 1981;Harvey, 1994) UK (Carsten and Tate, 2005; Lai and Carsten, 2012) Travel information system USA Lee (2000) 1 Combined/strategic analysis and frameworks UK Perrett et al (1996) 5 EU (James, 1999;Psaraki et al, 2012) USA Yun and Park (2004) Stevens (2004) emissions, additional hardware required by the vehicles if applicable and safety. These represent key assets owned by the main 'stakeholders' in a typical ITS project.…”