Feasibility of Direct Current Street Lighting &amp; Integrated Electric Vehicle Charging Points

Smith, Kyle; Galloway, Stuart; Emhemed, Abdullah; Burt, Graeme

doi:10.1049/cp.2016.0987

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…With respect to EV charging, 'fast' off-board DC chargers are believed to offer the most practical public charging system based on time to charge and the potential to offer higher efficiencies compared to an on-board charger (Genovese et al, 2015). LVDC distribution can be applied in the form of dedicated EV charging networks where cable costs can be reduced, utilisation rates of a centralised DC charger increased and the integration of DERs can be easily accommodated (Tabari and Yazdani, 2013;Smith K.A. et al, 2016).…”

Section: Level-2 Applications (120-400 V Dc )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview paper on: low voltage direct current (LVDC) distribution system standards

Smith

Wang

Emhemed

et al. 2018

IJPELEC

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Low-voltage direct current (LVDC) systems have recently been recognised as one of the key enabling technologies that can facilitate the connection of more distributed renewables with improved efficiency and enhanced controllability. However, there is still a shortage of mature experience and practical technical solutions that can support the uptake of such systems and increase commercial interest. One of the barriers is the lack of standards necessary to increase industry confidence. Recently, new standard activities at national and international levels have begun to cover specific LVDC applications. However, it is still not clear whether these activities, in addition to existing standards, are sufficient and comprehensive to provide the necessary tools for best practice system design. This paper therefore reviews and evaluates the available LVDC standards within the context of the established AC distribution system to determine where future work is required.

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Section: Level-2 Applications (120-400 V Dc )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview paper on: low voltage direct current (LVDC) distribution system standards

Smith

Wang

Emhemed

et al. 2018

IJPELEC

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show abstract

“…This system reduces costs and increases asset utilization compared to existing charging solutions. Practical applications include: phased infrastructure deployment for public parking areas, the conversion of existing street-lighting networks to integrated DC charging [25] and multi-plexing of existing rapid DC chargers with high demand [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconfigurable Low Voltage Direct Current Charging Networks for Plug-In Electric Vehicles

Mokgonyana

Smith

Galloway

2019

IEEE Trans. Smart Grid

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An emerging theme in the development of supporting facilities for plug-in electric vehicles (EVs) is the costeffective planning and utilisation of charging networks consistent with the uptake of EVs. This paper proposes a low voltage direct current (LVDC) reconfigurable charging network for plugin electric vehicles (EVs) and presents a functional energy management system (EMS) that is capable of planning and operating the charging network to minimise charging cost and to facilitate progressive infrastructure deployment based on EV demand. The charging network is connected to the main AC grid through one or more centralised AC/DC converters that supply a high power charge to EVs connected to the DC side of the converters. The EMS accommodates multiple parking bays, charging sources, AC constraints, non-linear EV battery loads and user charging requirements with a novel approach to managing user inconvenience. The inconvenience model is founded on the presence of user flexibility i.e., an allowance on charging time or battery SOC, providing the capability to increase asset utilisation and enable access for additional network users. Through a series of case studies and a stochastic forecasting approach, the reconfigurable network and EMS demonstrate the capacity to achieve savings over fixed AC and sequential DC systems. Index Terms-Plug-in electric vehicles, direct current charging systems, mixed-integer program, charging infrastructure planning, multiple-charger control.

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“…In recent years, it has been suggested that EV charging points can be integrated with the existing street lighting network, because the distribution characteristic of street lighting in the urban area is similar with the distribution characteristic of charging points. Therefore, the street lighting pole with EV charging system is presented [16]. Smith et al introduced the concept of a DC Lighting and Charging network to increase the power transfer capability of the lighting cables in order to enable charging of EVs at a higher energy efficiency than AC [16].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the street lighting pole with EV charging system is presented [16]. Smith et al introduced the concept of a DC Lighting and Charging network to increase the power transfer capability of the lighting cables in order to enable charging of EVs at a higher energy efficiency than AC [16]. In addition, BMW and Ubitricity company, respectively, have deployed a street-light charging solution [17,18], which contribute to a greener city.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Group Approach of Smart Hybrid Poles with Renewable Energy, Street Lighting and EV Charging Based on DC Micro-Grid

et al. 2018

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Energy crisis and environmental pollution have become global problems, and the increasing use of energy has caused climate change. Electric vehicle (EV) is regarded as the future of the automotive industry, because of the lesser impact on the environment than traditional vehicles. In recent years, electric vehicles have developed rapidly. However, the development of charging points and service cannot adapt to the development trend of EV. In urban areas, the distribution characteristics of street lighting and charging points are similar. Therefore, the street lighting pole with EV charging is proposed. However, due to the capacity limit of public grid, the single hybrid pole is only suitable for slow charging. This paper proposes hybrid poles group based on renewable energy, street lighting, and EV charging, which can realize fast charging and slow charging based on DC micro-grid with help of energy storage device. For studying the suitable number in a group of smart hybrid pole, the efficiency model of smart hybrid poles group is proposed. The efficiency model indicates that the group approach has better performance than the single pole, which provides a theoretical basis for practical construction.Energies 2018, 11, 3445 2 of 17 of car to pole is about 8:1, so it is less than the theoretical ratio of 1:1~1.2. Currently, it needs to build more charging poles [6]. In 2020, 435 thousand charging points will be built in Beijing to satisfy the requirement for 600 thousand EV. Moreover, the lack of an adequate publicly accessible charging infrastructure is considered to be a major obstacle to the growth of European market [15].Charging facilities generally include private points and charging station. In recent years, it has been suggested that EV charging points can be integrated with the existing street lighting network, because the distribution characteristic of street lighting in the urban area is similar with the distribution characteristic of charging points. Therefore, the street lighting pole with EV charging system is presented [16]. Smith et al. introduced the concept of a DC Lighting and Charging network to increase the power transfer capability of the lighting cables in order to enable charging of EVs at a higher energy efficiency than AC [16]. In addition, BMW and Ubitricity company, respectively, have deployed a street-light charging solution [17,18], which contribute to a greener city. However, this single street-light charging pole is only suitable for EV slow charging because the power of public grid for a single pole is not enough for EV fast charging.For handling the incompatibility between fast charging and the power limit, the hybrid poles group method with renewable energy, street lighting, and EV charging systems are proposed based on DC micro-grid in this paper. The energy storage devices in hybrid poles group can collaboratively work with the help of DC micro-gird and provide enough electric power for fast charging.The remainder of the paper is organized as follows: Section 2 presents the archi...

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Feasibility of Direct Current Street Lighting & Integrated Electric Vehicle Charging Points

Cited by 4 publications

References 7 publications

Overview paper on: low voltage direct current (LVDC) distribution system standards

Overview paper on: low voltage direct current (LVDC) distribution system standards

Reconfigurable Low Voltage Direct Current Charging Networks for Plug-In Electric Vehicles

A Group Approach of Smart Hybrid Poles with Renewable Energy, Street Lighting and EV Charging Based on DC Micro-Grid

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