Feasibility of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for extraction and preconcentration of Cu and Fe in red and white wine and determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry

Iron species determination by task‐specific ionic liquid‐based in situ solvent formation dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with flame atomic absorption spectrometry

“…Iron is a major element in the earth, and as an abundant element in the world. It is of vital importance for living organisms and has an essential role in human health; thus deficiency or surplus of iron may cause health problems. In addition, the transmitting toxicity of iron to other elements, biological availability and transport mechanisms highly depend on the chemical form of iron species.…”

“…Therefore, the determination of iron species is an important task and has received particular attention. Several analytical techniques such as electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS), flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES) and inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) have been employed for the determination of trace metals such as Fe with sufficient sensitivity for most applications, but most of them are expensive and need complicated equipment or samples at milliliter volumes and determine the total metal concentration. The flow injection (FI) technique coupled with chemiluminescence detection, cathodic stripping voltammetry and spectrophotometry have been developed for iron speciation analysis.…”

Rapid Determination of Trace Elements in Macedonian Grape Brandies for Their Characterization and Safety Evaluation

“…Sensitive techniques, such as flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS), atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS), inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and potentiometric and voltammetric methods, are required for accurate determination of metals in various samples (Mena et al 1997;Onianwa et al 1999;Karadjova et al 2002;Ibanez et al 2008;Rodriguez et al 2010;Ivanova-Petropulos et al 2013;Ly et al 2013;FroesSilva et al 2015;Seeger et al 2015). Analysis is performed directly on undiluted samples, after a water dilution, or after digestion in open/closed vessel systems with HNO 3 , HCl, H 2 O 2 , or their mixtures.…”

Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction: An efficient approach for the extraction of Cd and Pb from honey and determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry

“…4 dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) [10,11] have been proposed in order to reduce solvent consumption, increase the preconcentration factor, among others. DLLME involves the use of a mixture of two solvents (extraction and dispersive), which is injected into the aqueous sample forming a cloudy solution.…”