Feasibility of Lowering Soybean Planting Density without Compromising Nitrogen Fixation and Yield

Luca, Marcos Javier de; Nogueira, Marco Antônio; Hungría, Mariangela

doi:10.2134/agronj14.0234

Cited by 36 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The higher number of side branches and, consequently, more pods per plant, with precision seeding compared to drill seeding did not lead to an increase in protein or oil content in soybean. However, an increase in crop density tends to lead to higher protein content [51,52] and since the two, i.e., protein and oil content, correlate negatively [53], oil content also increases with decreasing crop density by trend [54]. Our results showed that neither drill nor precision seeding reduced or increased protein content and oil content.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Seed Yield, Seed Protein, Oil Content, and Agronomic Characteristics of Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) Depending on Different Seeding Systems and Cultivars in Germany

et al. 2020

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Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) is one of the most important crops worldwide. In several European countries such as Germany, soybean cultivation is not traditional and as such remains to be optimized. One option to increase soybean production is to adapt and improve the seeding system. To investigate the effects of different seeding systems on seed yield, seed protein, and oil content, plant characteristics were assessed using a two-factorial (two seeding systems and four cultivars) field trial over two years (2017–2018) at two locations in southeast Germany. The seeding systems were drill (row spacing 14 cm) and precision seeding (row spacing 28 cm), and the cultivars were Viola 000, Lissabon 000, ES Mentor 00, and Orion 00. Depending on the seeding system, a seed yield of 3.8 t ha−1 dry matter (DM), 40.9% protein content (DM), and 18.8% oil content (DM) was achieved by drilling, and 3.6 t ha−1 yield (DM), 40.1% protein content (DM), and 19.1% oil content (DM) with precision seeding (average across four cultivars, two locations, and two years). No significant effects of the seeding system on all seed and plant characteristics were observed. As drilling and precision seeding did not affect the seed yield, seed protein, oil contents, and plant characteristics of soybean in this study, farmers are able to choose the seeding system which fits best into their farms and is economically most viable.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Seed Yield, Seed Protein, Oil Content, and Agronomic Characteristics of Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) Depending on Different Seeding Systems and Cultivars in Germany

et al. 2020

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“…It is known that ∼40% of the dry soybean is composed of protein, resulting in a high demand for N, and that majority of this is supplied by BNF (Alves et al, 2003;Hungria et al, 2006;Luca et al, 2014). In this study, a low Ni rate (45 mg kg −1 ) stimulated BNF and the affect was most pronounced in the grains, in which it can be noticed that more of 90% of total N accumulated were derived from BNF ( Table 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Soybean Seed Treatment with Nickel Improves Biological Nitrogen Fixation and Urease Activity

Lavres

Franco

Câmara

2016

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Nickel (Ni) is an essential micronutrient required for plants' metabolism due to its role as a structural component of urease and hydrogenase, which in turn perform nitrogen (N) metabolism in many legume species. Seed treatment with cobalt, molybdenum and Bradyrhizobium strains has been widely practiced to improve crops. Additionally, seed treatment together with Ni fertilization of soybean might improve the efficiency of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), boosting grain dry matter yield, and N content. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of soybean seed treatment with Ni rates (0, 45, 90, 135, 180, 360, and 540 mg kg −1 ) on BNF, directly by the 15 N natural abundance method ( 15 δ N‰) and by measurement of urease [E.C. 3.5.1.5] activity, as well as indirectly by nitrogenase (N-ase) activity [E.C. 1.18.6.1]. Soybean plants (cultivar BMX Potência RR) were grown in a sandy soil up to the R7 developmental stage (grain maturity), at which point the nutrient content in the leaves, chlorophyll content, urease, and N-ase activities, Ni and N content in the grains, nodulation (at R1-flowering stage), as well as the contribution of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF; 15 δ N ‰) were evaluated. The proportion of N derived from N 2 fixation varied from 77 to 99% using the natural 15 N abundance method and non-nodulating Panicum miliaceum and Phalaris canariensis as references. A Ni rate of 45 mg kg −1 increased BNF by 12% compared to the control. The increased N uptake in the grains was closely correlated with chlorophyll content in the leaves, urease, and N-ase activities, as well as with nodulation. Grain dry matter yield and aerial part dry matter yield increased, respectively, by 84 and 51% in relation to the control plants at 45 mg kg −1 Ni via seed treatment. Despite, Ni concentration was increased with Ni-seed treatment, Ni rates higher than 135 mg kg −1 promoted negative effects on plant growth and yield. In these experimental conditions, seed treatment with low Ni rates caused higher dry matter yield of plants and grains, N content in the grains, and in the aerial part by increasing of BNF.

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“…In the maize-soybean intercropping system, the light was the most most-frequently limited factor under the condition of adequate water and the nutrient for crop growth and development [54][55][56][57]. In this study, there was a significant positive correlation between the net photosynthetic rate the available light for soybean plants.…”

Section: Light Environment and Photosynthesis Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 53%

Effects of Multiple Planting Densities on Lignin Metabolism and Lodging Resistance of the Strip Intercropped Soybean Stem

et al. 2020

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The shading of maize and self-shading are the key factors affecting the stem lignin biosynthesis and lodging resistance of soybean at middle and later growth stages in the strip intercropping system. A study was designed to explore the regulation mechanism of lignin metabolism and different planting densities; PD1, PD2, and PD3 were used having a total number of 17 plants m−2, 20 plants m−2, and 25 plants m−2, respectively, on the lodging resistance of strip intercropped soybean stem. Our results depicted that the lower planting density (PD1) appropriately promoted the leaf photosynthesis activities (Pn), increase the activity of lignin-related enzymes and the accumulation of carbohydrates in stems, and eventually enhanced the lodging resistance of the strip intercropped soybean stem. Correlation analysis also showed that the lodging resistance index of soybean stem was significantly correlated with the available light for soybean canopy and Pn strip intercropped soybean stem characteristics and activities of enzymes related to lignin synthesis among the different planting densities. The findings of our research will be useful in future studies to understand the relationship between different light environment, planting densities, and lodging resistance of intercropped soybean and also guide the optimum planting density in maize–soybean intercropping system.

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Feasibility of Lowering Soybean Planting Density without Compromising Nitrogen Fixation and Yield

Cited by 36 publications

References 32 publications

Seed Yield, Seed Protein, Oil Content, and Agronomic Characteristics of Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) Depending on Different Seeding Systems and Cultivars in Germany

Seed Yield, Seed Protein, Oil Content, and Agronomic Characteristics of Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) Depending on Different Seeding Systems and Cultivars in Germany

Soybean Seed Treatment with Nickel Improves Biological Nitrogen Fixation and Urease Activity

Effects of Multiple Planting Densities on Lignin Metabolism and Lodging Resistance of the Strip Intercropped Soybean Stem

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