Feasibility of the Frequency Planning for LDACS Air-to-Air Communications in the L-Band

Bellido-Manganell, Miguel A.; Schnell, Michael

doi:10.1109/icns52807.2021.9441623

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This model is obtaining the SNR similarly to what is done in [4]. The radio horizon r h (h tx , h rx ) defines the farthest possible point of propagation and it is given as in Eq.…”

Section: Trace-based Radio Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These events are thus bound to mobility, which in turn is tightly controlled. Moreover, the busiest oceanic airspace -i.e., the most interesting geographic area for LDACS A2A -is the North Atlantic Corridor (NAC), as discussed in [3], [4]. Here, flight routes are pre-assigned by the authorities to follow tracks, which are updated daily to accommodate up-to-date weather conditions and wind streams.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Tutorial on Trace-based Simulations of Mobile Ad-hoc Networks on the Example of Aeronautical Communications

Eltayeb¹,

Fuger²,

Lindner³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The OMNeT++ simulator is well-suited for the simulation of randomized user behavior in communication networks. However, there are scenarios, where such a random model is unsuited to evaluate a communication system, and this paper attempts to highlight such a case. Using this example of ad-hoc communication between aircraft mid-flight, a tutorialstyle description is attempted that shall show how the OMNeT++ simulator can be used when a wealth of real-world trace data is available. In particular, it is described how mobility trace files can be directly used within OMNeT++, and how to link the generation of data messages to this mobility data. This is explained via an example simulation that evaluates a communication network in which an aircraft notifies the ground control when it enters or leaves a specific geographic region. Additionally, a novel trace-based application has been developed to achieve this link between mobility and message generation. Furthermore, a new TDMA-based medium access protocol for decentralized communication networks is presented, which is oracle-based and thus allows a TDMA-like behavior of medium access without causing any overhead; it can be useful when upper-layer protocols should be evaluated under the assumption of TDMA-like behavior, but isolated from the effects of a full-fledged TDMA protocol. Finally, physical layer behavior is often either overly simplistic or overly computationally expensive. For the latter case, when a detailed channel model is available but its evaluation requires prohibitive computational effort, then averaging its behavior into trace data can find a middle ground between efficient evaluation and realistic representation. Hence, a novel trace-based radio model has been developed that makes use of an SNR to PER mapping. In the spirit of open science, all implementations have been made available under open licenses -please see the conclusion.

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“…This model is obtaining the SNR similarly to what is done in [4]. The radio horizon r h (h tx , h rx ) defines the farthest possible point of propagation and it is given as in Eq.…”

Section: Trace-based Radio Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Tutorial on Trace-based Simulations of Mobile Ad-hoc Networks on the Example of Aeronautical Communications

Eltayeb¹,

Fuger²,

Lindner³

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Secure Point-to-Point Long-Distance Multi-Hop Connections in a Dense Airplane Mesh-Network using LDACS

Jansen

Mäurer

Gräupl

2022

2022 IEEE/AIAA 41st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)

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The capacity of current aeronautical datalinks is reaching its limits and becomes a hindrance for growth of worldwide civil aviation. To modernize Air Traffic Management (ATM) and digitize aeronautical communications, successors for current technologies are being researched and deployed. The envisioned successor for the VHF Datalink mode 2 (VDLm2) for European air traffic is the L-band Digital Aeronautical Communications System (LDACS). Similar to VDLm2, LDACS is a terrestrial, cellular Air-Ground (A/G) communications system. Contrary to VDLm2, LDACS shall also provide an Air-Air (A/A) communication mode in the future, called LDACS A/A, which operates in a radius of 200 Nautical Miles (NM) for aircraft above altitude of 3000m. Long-distance multi-hop A/A communications could be used to extend the range of LDACS ground stations into oceanic and remote areas, increasing the utility of the terrestrial infrastructure. While LDACS A/G offers sound cybersecurity measures, the development of such for an LDACS A/A extension is currently in its infancy and needs to be investigated thoroughly. One particular design constraint for cybersecurity for aeronautical multi-hop A/A networks is the topology of the underlying mesh network. The objectives of this paper are to investigate (1) the number of concurrent aircraft that are within communication range to each other and (2) the number of hops necessary to cover given distances and (3) to propose possible cybersecurity approaches for LDACS A/A in particular. With actual flight traces data from the OpenSky database for European air traffic, we identify high fluctuations of results based on the time of day and region. The following results were obtained: (1) concurrent aircraft are ranging from 0 to 258, (2) on an exemplary route from Istanbul to Dublin, ranging roughly 3000km, 9 hops were necessary on average with stable routes lasting 1m 21s on average and (3) up to 19% of the total stable connection time is used for establishing a secure Peer-to-Peer (P2P) tunnel via mutual authentication between all hops.

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Improving the Lifespan of LDACS Air-To-Air Multi-Hop Connections by Heading Direction

Jansen,

Mäurer,

Ewert

et al. 2023

2023 IEEE/AIAA 42nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)

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Feasibility of the Frequency Planning for LDACS Air-to-Air Communications in the L-Band

Cited by 7 publications

References 4 publications

A Tutorial on Trace-based Simulations of Mobile Ad-hoc Networks on the Example of Aeronautical Communications

A Tutorial on Trace-based Simulations of Mobile Ad-hoc Networks on the Example of Aeronautical Communications

Secure Point-to-Point Long-Distance Multi-Hop Connections in a Dense Airplane Mesh-Network using LDACS

Improving the Lifespan of LDACS Air-To-Air Multi-Hop Connections by Heading Direction

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