Feasibility Study and Design of In-Road Electric Vehicle Charging Technologies

Abstract

Electric Roadways (ERs) or Dynamic Wireless Charging (DWC) lanes offer an alternative dynamic and wireless charging method that has the potential of giving electric vehicles (EV) limitless range while they are moving. Heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) are expected to be early adopters of the DWC technology due to the higher benefits offered to these vehicles that are traveling on fixed routes. The goal of this project was to assess the feasibility of ERs in Indiana and design a test bed for in-road EV charging technologies. The most suitable locations for implementing DWC lanes were identified on interstates that are characterized by high truck traffic. Using I-65 S as a case study, it was found that DWC can be economically feasible for the developer and competitive for the EV owner at high and medium future projections of EV market penetration levels. However, the existing substations are unlikely to serve future DWC needs for HDVs. Thus, consideration should be given to substation expansion to support EVs as market penetration expands. Implementing the DWC technology on interstates and jointly with major pavement preservation activities is recommended. Large scale deployment can significantly reduce the high initial investment. Renewable energy resources (solar and wind) deployed in the vicinity of ERs can reduce the electricity costs and associated greenhouse gas emissions.

Analyzing the Societal Cost of Electric Roads Compared to Batteries and Oil for All Forms of Road Transport

“…In the literature, it is estimated that the maintenance cost is 1-2.5% of the initial infrastructure investment cost. Overhead electric road, road-bound conductive, roadside conductive, and road-bound inductive maintenance and repair costs are assumed to be $16,000/km, $11,000/km, $15,000/km, and $33,000/km, respectively [43,46]. Figure 3 shows the total investment and maintenance cost for 26,011 km of ERS infrastructure.…”

“…In addition, different aspects of ERSs were evaluated in some other reports [31,[41][42][43][44]. Some studies have investigated ERSs in terms of a feasibility study [45,46], costs [31], CO 2 emissions [31], and technical aspects [47]. Following these articles, this paper aims to explore the societal cost of electrifying road transport on Turkish highways and main roads with and without ERS.…”

On the Utilization of Blockchain and Smart Contracts in Charging Coordination of Roadway-Powered Electric Vehicles

“…In today's electric vehicle market, the equipment and installation costs of commercial WCLs can go as high as ≈ $1.4M-$3M per km [22] owing to the advanced technologies and features embedded within these premium charging systems. Accordingly, the transaction charges for the proposed blockchain-based coordination system represent only a minute proportion of the associated infrastructure costs, particularly acknowledging its importance in ensuring an efficient, scalable and load-balanced operation of the wireless charging process.…”

“…In addition, the growing interest in on-the-move charging has translated into a number of WCL deployment projects that are currently implemented in different cities as proofs of the concept, using both elongated tracks of charging roadways as well as segmented charging pads. These are detailed in the 2021 and 2022 market reports provided by [22] and [23], respectively. A socio-economic study on the implementation of a network of WCLs within an urban city is also conducted in earlier work by the authors in [6] proving their feasibility for large scale deployments.…”

Wireless Power Transfer Systems With Composite Cores for Magnetic Field Shielding With Electric Vehicles

“…Human safety can be compromised as magnetic field leakage increases. To solve the forementioned problems, ferrite cores, including E-and U-type cores, were initially proposed to reduce leakage by reshaping the magnetic path [29]. However, owing to the high cost, large weight, and poor misalignment toleration of these cores, ferrite cores with different structures and materials were proposed.…”