Feasibility Study of PV-Wind-Fuel Cell Hybrid Power System for Electrification of a Rural Village in Ethiopia

Abstract

As the energy consumption is increasing in an alarming rate and peoples and international communities are well aware of environmental protection, alternative (i.e., renewable and fuel cell based) distributed generation (DG) systems have attracted increased interest. Wind-based and photovoltaic- (PV-) based power generation are two of the most promising renewable energy technologies. Fuel cell (FC) systems also show great potential in DG applications due to their fast technological development and the merits they have, such as high efficiency, zero or low emissions (of pollutant gases), and flexible modular structure. In this work, the techno-economic feasibility study (using HOMER) of emission-free hybrid power system of solar, wind, and fuel cell power source unit for a given rural village in Ethiopia called Nifasso (latitude of 9°58′40″N and longitude of 39°50′3″E with an estimated population of 1059) that can meet the electricity demand in a sustainable manner has been studied. The main power for the hybrid system comes from the solar and wind energy while the fuel cell and rechargeable batteries are used as a secondary and primary energy back up units, respectively. We can say storage as primary and secondary based on the sequence of operation. Hence, when there is shortage, first the battery discharges to fulfill the load demand and if the battery reaches to its allowable minimum capacity, it will stop further discharging and the fuel cell will operate so as to convert the stored hydrogen into electricity. In the result, different feasible alternative solutions have been obtained with a narrow range of COE which are better than the previously studied PV-wind-Genset hybrid set ups.

Performance Improvement for Small-Scale Wind Turbine System Based on Maximum Power Point Tracking Control

“…There is also an MPPT Controller which maximizes the output power, and a grid-side converter that turns dc electrical Figure 2 shows the typical diagram of a wind turbine system, composed of a turbine and PMSG generator that both serve to convert wind into mechanical energy, a generator-side converter that rectifies the 3 phase AC electrical voltage into DC, and a boost converter. There is also an MPPT Controller which maximizes the output power, and a grid-side converter that turns dc electrical voltage into ac [20]. Furthermore, the output from the inverter can be integrated into the grid of the distribution system.…”

“…Furthermore, the output from the inverter can be integrated into the grid of the distribution system. voltage into ac [20]. Furthermore, the output from the inverter can be integrated into the grid of the distribution system.…”

“…Region I illustrates areas where MPPT maximizes turbine power, while Region II portrays its regulation. voltage into ac [20]. Furthermore, the output from the inverter can be integrated into the grid of the distribution system.…”

Novas tecnologias aplicadas em estudos de viabilidade econômica e financeira: uma revisão integrativa da literatura

“…Em relação aos procedimentos de EVEF, foi constatado que, de maneira geral, os trabalhos seguem a linha do que é apresentado no referencial teórico deste estudo, ou seja, focam principalmente em três indicadores de viabilida-de: TIR, VPL e payback. Entretanto, alguns estudos utilizam técnicas mais complexas de análise de viabilidade, como a metodologia multi-índice e a metodologia multi-índice avançada (Cao et al, 2016;Fletcher et al, 2017;Hailu Kebede & Bekele Beyene, 2018;Lavander et al, 2013;Moratilla Soria, & Villar Lejarreta, 2013) que, além de verificar a viabilidade econômica e financeira, servem para verificar o risco do investimento e a análise de sensibilidade, indicando o nível de estabilidade das variáveis do produto, ou seja, a resposta da viabilidade do produto se determinado insumo não puder ser comprado como planejado, por exemplo, quanto mais estável menor o risco.…”

“…Quadro 5. Novas tecnologias da informação e comunicação utilizadas para atividades de apoio ao estudo de viabilidade econômica e financeira Ressalta-se o uso diversificado de ferramentas, a exemplo de: ferramentas de modelagem de cálculos matemáticos, como o MATLAB (Cunha et al, 2016;El Zanati & Elnahas, 2018); General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) (Alnifro et al, 2017;Hailu Kebede & Bekele Beyene, 2018); ferramentas de simulação e risco financeiro -risco técnico agrícola (RTA) (Rasoto et al, 2012); Monte Carlo (Park et al, 2005); ferramentas para coleta de dados técnicos, como ASPEN Hysys Volume 14, Número 3, 2019, pp. 245-256 DOI: 10.20985/1980-5160.2019.v14n3.1537 (Park et al, 2017;Rospi et al, 2017); EnergyPlus (Niu et al, 2014), WPLsoft (Silva et al, 2016); T*sol, Solar Pro e TRNSYS (Abreu, 2015;Niu et al, 2014); ferramentas para coleta de dados geográficos, como Google Maps (Nugraha et al, 2016;Omer et al, 2015); e Google Earth (Lorenz et al, 2014).…”