“…To construct the sensor electrode, the poly(Py-co-PAA) copolymer was electropolymerized on a glassy carbon electrode, and the carboxylic acid groups on the copolymer’s surface were activated using EDC/NHS chemistry to promote the formation of an amide bond with the aptamer’s amine end. On the screen-printed carbon electrode, Rozi et al [ 53 ] electrodeposited a layer of poly(pyrrole-co-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid) (PPYPA), and an E2 aptamer was bound on the altered surface through a carbodiimide interaction. Where EDC-NHS serves as a coupling agent for amine functionalized aptamer immobilization through COOH-NH 2 bonding, it was employed to activate the terminal carboxylic groups of the PPYPA film.…”
“…To overcome this limitation, Truong et al [ 75 ] added the hydrophilic pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid (PA) monomer to PPY for sensing the human chorionic gonadotropin. Henceforth, Rozi et al [ 53 ] combined PA with PPY in order to achieve hydrophilicity, conductivity, and the COOH group for covalent binding of the aptamer. The largest current change in E2 was observed for the PPY:PA copolymer with a 3:1 ratio, with a detection limit of 30 × 10 −6 M and a linear concentration range from 0 to 100 × 10 −6 M, in comparison to 2:1 and 1:1 of the copolymer’s ratio.…”
Estradiol is known as one of the most potent estrogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that may cause various health implications on human growth, metabolism regulation, the reproduction system, and possibly cancers. The detection of these EDCs in our surroundings, such as in foods and beverages, is important to prevent such harmful effects on humans. Aptamers are a promising class of bio-receptors for estradiol detection due to their chemical stability and high affinity. With the development of aptamer technology, electrochemical aptasensing became an important tool for estradiol detection. This review provides detailed information on various technological interventions in electrochemical estradiol detection in solutions and categorized the aptasensing mechanisms, aptamer immobilization strategies, and electrode materials. Moreover, we also discussed the role of estradiol in human physiology and signaling mechanisms. The level of estradiol in circulation is associated with normal and diseased conditions. The aptamer-based electrochemical sensing techniques are powerful and sensitive for estradiol detection.
“…To construct the sensor electrode, the poly(Py-co-PAA) copolymer was electropolymerized on a glassy carbon electrode, and the carboxylic acid groups on the copolymer’s surface were activated using EDC/NHS chemistry to promote the formation of an amide bond with the aptamer’s amine end. On the screen-printed carbon electrode, Rozi et al [ 53 ] electrodeposited a layer of poly(pyrrole-co-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid) (PPYPA), and an E2 aptamer was bound on the altered surface through a carbodiimide interaction. Where EDC-NHS serves as a coupling agent for amine functionalized aptamer immobilization through COOH-NH 2 bonding, it was employed to activate the terminal carboxylic groups of the PPYPA film.…”
“…To overcome this limitation, Truong et al [ 75 ] added the hydrophilic pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid (PA) monomer to PPY for sensing the human chorionic gonadotropin. Henceforth, Rozi et al [ 53 ] combined PA with PPY in order to achieve hydrophilicity, conductivity, and the COOH group for covalent binding of the aptamer. The largest current change in E2 was observed for the PPY:PA copolymer with a 3:1 ratio, with a detection limit of 30 × 10 −6 M and a linear concentration range from 0 to 100 × 10 −6 M, in comparison to 2:1 and 1:1 of the copolymer’s ratio.…”
Estradiol is known as one of the most potent estrogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that may cause various health implications on human growth, metabolism regulation, the reproduction system, and possibly cancers. The detection of these EDCs in our surroundings, such as in foods and beverages, is important to prevent such harmful effects on humans. Aptamers are a promising class of bio-receptors for estradiol detection due to their chemical stability and high affinity. With the development of aptamer technology, electrochemical aptasensing became an important tool for estradiol detection. This review provides detailed information on various technological interventions in electrochemical estradiol detection in solutions and categorized the aptasensing mechanisms, aptamer immobilization strategies, and electrode materials. Moreover, we also discussed the role of estradiol in human physiology and signaling mechanisms. The level of estradiol in circulation is associated with normal and diseased conditions. The aptamer-based electrochemical sensing techniques are powerful and sensitive for estradiol detection.
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