Features of Component Composition of the Body Mass of Adolescents and Young Men of Altai District

Abstract

Physical development is one of the leading components of the health of each individual and people in general. In modern literary sources, there is more and more information about the deterioration of physical health and the decrease of this indicator of the young population of modern Russia, therefore, when assessing it, it is necessary to consider the body as a whole, taking into account its somatotype and component composition. In the Altai District there are practically no data on somatotyping of various age groups of the population. The purpose of this study is the component composition of the body of adolescents and young men living in the Altai District, to determine the frequency of their constitution types. The study involved 1086 males of a homogeneous ethno-territorial group, permanently residing in the Altai District, aged 13 to 20 years. The subjects were divided into three age groups: 13-14 years old, 15-17 years old and 18-20 years old. In each age group standard anthropometric measurements and a quantitative study of the main components of body mass were carried out. Body type (somatotype) was determined on the basis of the percentage of longitudinal and transverse body dimensions to standing height according by the Chernorutsky method using the Pinier index. It has been established that starting from the age of 15 there is a decrease in the average value of the proportion of the fat component of body mass with a simultaneous increase in muscle. According to constitutional features, the majority of 13–16-year-old examined adolescents ang young men have a normosthenic body type. By the age of 17, there is a predominance of asthenics over hypersthenics. At this age, fat mass decreases, which is probably associated with possible social stresses. In parallel with a decrease in fat mass, an increase in muscle mass is noted, up to the age of 20, however, at the age of 20, an increase in the fat component was detected. It is concluded that the majority of adolescents and young men in the Altay District have a normosthenic body type, which is characterized by average anthropometric indicators.