Physical development is one of the leading components of the health of each individual and people in general. In modern literary sources, there is more and more information about the deterioration of physical health and the decrease of this indicator of the young population of modern Russia, therefore, when assessing it, it is necessary to consider the body as a whole, taking into account its somatotype and component composition. In the Altai District there are practically no data on somatotyping of various age groups of the population. The purpose of this study is the component composition of the body of adolescents and young men living in the Altai District, to determine the frequency of their constitution types. The study involved 1086 males of a homogeneous ethno-territorial group, permanently residing in the Altai District, aged 13 to 20 years. The subjects were divided into three age groups: 13-14 years old, 15-17 years old and 18-20 years old. In each age group standard anthropometric measurements and a quantitative study of the main components of body mass were carried out. Body type (somatotype) was determined on the basis of the percentage of longitudinal and transverse body dimensions to standing height according by the Chernorutsky method using the Pinier index. It has been established that starting from the age of 15 there is a decrease in the average value of the proportion of the fat component of body mass with a simultaneous increase in muscle. According to constitutional features, the majority of 13–16-year-old examined adolescents ang young men have a normosthenic body type. By the age of 17, there is a predominance of asthenics over hypersthenics. At this age, fat mass decreases, which is probably associated with possible social stresses. In parallel with a decrease in fat mass, an increase in muscle mass is noted, up to the age of 20, however, at the age of 20, an increase in the fat component was detected. It is concluded that the majority of adolescents and young men in the Altay District have a normosthenic body type, which is characterized by average anthropometric indicators.

The article presents the examination of the ovaries of embryos, ovaries of human feti and ovaries of children of the tender age. The researches revealed the increase of the surface of follicles, nucleus and primary oocyte’s cytoplasm that tells about the fact that further follicular maturation continues in the ovaries of a child of 2–4 months old. Also we registered the increase of nuclear cytoplasmic ratio, appearance of single mature follicles with cumulus oophorus that testifies to the fact that the ovary is functionally mature. Furthermore the research revealed increased content of lipids and DNA in follicular epithelium that also tells about functional maturity of the ovary. It was found that incretory activity of an ovary during the first year of life is provided by the cells originated from the connective tissue membrane of atresic follicles.

The article presents the results of a survey of schoolchildren aged 7–8 living in the Altai Republic. Anthropometric studies of pupils in general secondary schools have been conducted and their level of physical development has been determined using the index method. The study found that the children of this age group have a low level of physical development and their type of build is defined as asthenic, more pronounced among girls. There’s also a body mass deficit. Lack of physical development can be related to climatic characteristics, nutritional patterns and lifestyles.

No abstract

The article presents the results of the medical examination of schoolchildren aged 9-10 years living in the Altai Republic. Anthropometric measurements assessing the level of schoolchildren physical development were carried out. The study revealed a low level of schoolchildren physical development in the presented age group, underweight in children of both sexes being more prominent in females. At the beginning of the academic year, children were characterized by an asthenic body type. At the end of the year, the parameters characterizing the body type were within the recommended values. The causes of the low level of physical development may be the special characteristics of the climate and geographical zone where the studied children live, the diet and the lack of physical activity which is necessary for the normal body development.