Features of Design of Gardens and Parks with Symbolic Meaning in Shymkent City—Kazakhstan

Abstract

This study investigated the emerging progressive use of ornamental art in the landscape architecture of Kazakhstan and determined the influence of symbolism on the quality of new urban environments. The study analysed the existing recreational facilities in Kazakhstan in order to establish their symbolic meaning, the level of utilisation of symbolic ornaments, and the socio-economic factors that influence the design structure of landscape elements. The results revealed that symbolic meanings of the ornaments stem from historic, legal and cultural traditions of different ethnic groups in Kazakhstan. Therefore, the form depends on not only the topography of the area, but also the traditional symbolism and numerology. This study categorised the studied places according to their size: large gardens, small squares and small landscape forms. Taking into account the natural and climatic features of Kazakhstan, small landscape forms acquire the quality of arid zone gardens. However, lack of identity and consistency appears to be a major problem in design of larger scale landscapes. This article posits that coordination between socio-economic and historical-cultural factors will open new creative opportunities for the development of an original landscape architecture in Kazakhstan, yet balance between environmental construction and contextually meaningful urban planning will still be needed.

Ecological houses of Southern Kazakhstan using renewable energy sources

“…The size of the winter garden is optimal, considering the current trend of minimalism in architecture and design. Here there is an excellent opportunity for imagination for landscape designers working in the ethnographic style (Yussupova et al , 2019). An underground residential building with a courtyard provides proper protection from the winter winds and sandstorms and creates an internal heat regime (Ab Azis Shazmin et al , 2017).…”

“…Kazakh people lived in mobile homes (yurts) made of lightweight structures during the warm months of the year. Over time, trying to imitate the shape of the yurts, they began to build adobe domed houses in the mainlands (Yussupova et al , 2019).…”

“…The transportation of goods to the sites in such locations could be a barrier here. This study suggests the construction of eco-houses using local construction materials based on the review of folk architecture of nomads in Kazakhstan (Yussupova et al , 2019), who established their structures with minimal resources and interruption on the environment.…”

Analysis of the current state of green buildings in the Russian Federation

“…Investigating different approaches to energy conservation has become the research direction of planners (Su and Wang, 2018). GA aims to promote coordination between the ecological, social and economic spheres (Yussupova et al , 2019; Zuo and Zhao, 2014). Ecological construction largely depends on efficient resource usage, waste treatment and the use of alternative energy resources (Kosheleva and Elliott, 2006).…”