The article presents the results of a study to establish the relationship between the planned indicators formed in the operational work of the road transport enterprise when transporting goods and the indicators formed in the current work. The authors consider the functioning of a road transport enterprise in the current mode on the methodological basis of the theory of road freight transport, the theory of rolling stock maintenance, the system approach, using economic and mathematical methods. The criterion for optimising planning is the profit of the road transport company, and the constraints are the output, mileage and labour intensity of maintaining the rolling stock, which depends on the probability values of the length of the ride with freight, the mass of the freight, average technical speed and time for loading and unloading. The application of the developed methods and mathematical model to optimise planning will make it possible to study the functioning of a road transport enterprise as a probabilistic system and to determine planning indicators, considering the influence of random factors that appear in the current and operational work of the road transport enterprise.