Features of mitochondrial dynamics in monocytes in inflammatory and metabolic disorders

Abstract

Mitochondria do not exist as separate formations in the cell; they form a homogeneous network in which the processes of division and fusion continuously occur. A shift in this balance, as well as mitochondrial dysfunction, leads to the development of chronic and metabolic disorders. Metabolic changes in mitochondria control the formation and differentiation of monocytes. Pro-inflammatory activation of monocytes/macrophages leads to a decrease in oxidative phosphorylation and an increase in mitochondrial fusion. To date, the molecular mechanisms that regulate mitochondrial dynamics to control life and death in monocytes are not well understood. In addition, there is ample evidence that abnormal mitochondrial metabolism is involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Mitochondrial stress and damage contribute to cell death, metabolic disorders, and inflammation. In this review, we consider in detail the involvement of mitochondrial processes in the development of pathologies and discuss how mitochondria can be therapeutically affected. Attention is also drawn to possible diagnostic studies that target mitochondrial dynamics of disorders in monocytes.

Altered mitochondrial respiration in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection

“…These findings suggest the hypothesis of an increase in the relative number or activity of circulating monocytes in PASC, as monocytes have the greatest number of mitochondria and reprogram their metabolism in response to stimulation to support inflammatory responses. ( Tolstik et al, 2022 ) PBMC exposure to SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to result in the detection of viral RNA, particularly in monocytes, leading to a monocyte-accentuated, JAK/STAT-dependent, innate-immune response. ( Kazmierski et al, 2022 ) Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 antigens, notably full-length Spike protein, circulate in the plasma of PASC participants to 12 months after infection.…”