Features of the morphological and anatomical characteristics of the leaves of Taraxacum officinale Wigg. in conditions of rock dump

Abstract

The morphological and anatomical features of the assimilation apparatus Taraxacum officinale Wigg., growing under the conditions of a rock dump of the Kedrovsky coal mine in the Kemerovo Region, were studied. It was experimentally established that the specific environmental conditions of the rock dump cause morphological and anatomical changes in the leaves of the dandelion. At the level of leaf morphology, there is a decrease in the average leaf area, thickening of leaf blades, the formation of a trend towards a decrease in the number of leaves in the outlet. At the level of the anatomical structure, there is a significant increase in the thickness of mesophyll, a tendency to a decrease in the thickness of the tissues of the upper and lower epidermis, a decrease in the number of cells of the upper and lower epidermis by 1 mm2 and an increase in the size of stomata in the tissues of the lower and upper epidermis, a decrease in the number of stomata by 1 mm2 and stomatal index on the upper epidermis. Under the conditions of the rock dump, an increase in the number of reliable correlations between the anatomical parameters of the leaf of Taraxacum officinale Wigg., as well as anatomical signs with indicators of atmospheric pollution, was established, to a greater extent due to the formation of positive correlations that are known to control the development of biosystems and are critical for body periods.

Detection of heavy metals and pesticides in the raw materials of Araxacum Officinale Wigg and Taraxacum Kok-saghyz Rodin plants

“…Atmospheric air requires chemical, environmental, and biological control. Medicinal dandelion was obtained from indicator plants for biological control; the contaminants are absorbed and filtered in the leaf plates of this plant [3,9] In recent years, more than 1,000 chemical compounds have been developed around the world, each of which has produced 10,000 to 20,000 drugs. The development of agriculture and industry, as well as health tasks, necessitated the preparation and production of special means -pesticides -to protect plants, animals, people and industrial buildings from pests [2,5].…”

“…When pesticides are applied by the spray method, especially when used in aircraft, pesticide particles can spread over long distances by air flow. Pesticides move in the external environment with the help of water, when they are applied to open water basins, plant waste, agricultural crops with the help of aircraft or tractor sprayers, as well as rainwater or runoff, molluscs, algae, parasites that spread various infectious diseases spreads as a result [9].…”

Factors of soil and atmospheric air degradation and their influence on the state of plants in urban and suburban ecosystems

“…Известно, что деградация окружающей среды негативным образом сказывается на морфологических, анатомических и физиологических особенностях растений [4][5][6][7]. Деградационные явления в почвах и воздухе могут лимитировать жизненное состояние и устойчивость древесных растений, снижать их биоресурсный, биоклиматический и средооптимизационный потенциал.…”

“…Лишь в одном случае уровень каменистости превышает среднее значение по Сердобску: в урбанотехноземах содержание камней, щебня и других антропотехногенных включений равняется 27,8%. Низкая каменистость выявлена в культуроземах (7,5), урбанопочвах (8,4) и природных почвах (4,2%).…”