Features of the thermodynamics of superionic conductors

Abstract

The determination of the image forming wavefunction is considered for normal operation of the conventional transmission electron microscope. No assumption is made about the relative strengths of unscattered and scattered radiation. Spatial coherence and monochromaticity are assumed. For objects which are represented by a finite number of Fourier components, an algorithm for phase determination is given. Only the locations and not the intensities of the reflections in the diffraction pattern are needed. The main information used is contained in two or three images with different defocus. Combinations of defocus values, which should be avoided since they yield insufficient information, can be determined beforehand from the diffraction pattern.It is shown that with this data there are only one or (in some cases) two solutions of the phase problem. An example is given where this ambiguity cannot be avoided even by the use of an arbitrarily large number of defocus values. In this context an erroneous statement, which can be found in the older literature, about the determination of the wavefunction by the density distribution and its temporal derivative, is corrected.

Nature of the thermopower in bipolar semiconductors

“…7 Finally, the question remains how to obtain the thermo-emf in this case, and which physical phenomena determine its value. The answer to the first of these questions has been given, 4 where the general scheme was proposed for calculation of an emf of any nature. It follows from this paper that 7…”

“…If R → ∞ (broken circuit), then the density of electric current j → 0 and V = jR = ϕ c − ϕ b . 4 Since the electron's chemical potentials µ n (x) are equal in the points b and c, then…”

Role of intrinsic defects in splitting the energy spectra of charge carriers in Ag2Te

“…The divergence in the sto ichiometry δ per unit of volume is described as [4]: (1) where , , n, and p are the concentrations of excess silver and their vacancies, i.e., electrons and holes. The thermopower is related to the chemical potentials μ by the Wagner formula:…”

“…Silver telluride has anomalously high unipolar ionic conductivity [1], which substantially accelerates diffusion related to modification of the composition in the corresponding sublattice; i.e., an important fea ture of Ag 2 Te is the intrinsic defectness, which signifi cantly affects the electronic and ionic processes. With increasing temperature, the number of such defects increases, which leads to a structural phase transition at a certain temperature.…”

Boundary Conditions for Thermoelectric Cooling in p–n Junction

“…On the contrary, it is impossible to introduce the voltage drop correctly [25]. It can be correctly introduced only between two points which are in thermodynamic equilibrium.…”